Comparison 1. ECT plus standard care versus sham‐ECT plus standard care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Mental state ‐ total score (BPRS, high = poor) ‐ short term	1	25	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.60 [‐3.69, 10.89]
2 Service use ‐ number readmitted ‐ short term	1	25	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.29 [0.10, 0.85]