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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 19.
Published in final edited form as: J Restor Med. 2017 Dec;6(1):27–36. doi: 10.14200/jrm.2017.6.0101

Figure 1: Limiting and contributing factors to curcumin bioavailability.

Figure 1:

An illustration of potential delivery strategies to enhance curcumin bioavailability. Curcumin formulations result in enhancement of bioavailable parent curcumin in circulation, while standard curcumin is predominantly converted to curcumin conjugates in liver (middle rectangle) then subsequently degraded to curcumin degradation products. The right rectangle summarizes sequential curcumin metabolism in circulation and corresponding potential bioactivity of curcumin metabolites. Piperine can be co-administered to inhibit curcumin conjugation. The left rectangle summarizes factors limiting curcumin bioavailability. *Metabolic conversion could result in curcumin bioactivity through curcumin conjugates and degradation products.