a, Experimental schematic describing systemic introduction of hPBMCs followed by functional and immunohistological characterization. b, Flow cytometry analysis of hPBMC distribution 24 hours after intravenous injection (n=3, mice) Data are mean ± s.d. *P<0.05 and **P<0.005 via two-sided student-t test. c, Analysis of inflammatory human cytokine secretion from ex vivo cultured tissues and scaffolds retrieved 24 hours after injection. Dotted line indicates cytokine levels from control tissue and scaffolds without hPBMCs (n=3, mice). Data are mean ± s.d. *P<0.05 via two-sided student-t test. d, IHS of hCD45 and mCD31 in scaffolds 6 weeks after hPBMC injection with quantitative characterization of hCD45+ cell distribution within the scaffolds (n=4, independent scaffolds). Data are mean ± s.d. Not significant, P>0.05 via two-sided student t-test. e, IHS of mCD31 6 weeks after hPBMC injection shows leaky vascular morphology when compared to non-injected control and quantitative analysis confirms significantly increased vascular density following hPBMC injection (n=4, independent scaffolds). Data are mean ± s.d. *P<0.05 via two-sided student t-test.