Fig 2. The protective effects on the ROS level and the GSH/GSSG ratio in the H₂O₂-treated NSC-34 cells.

(A) The ROS level was measured using DCFH-DA assay. (n = 3, one-way ANOVA, Turkey’s test; ** is used for P < 0.01 and *** for P < 0.001). (B) The GSH/GSSG ratio was determined using GSH colorimetric assay. (n = 3, Student’s t-test; *** is used for P < 0.001). These results showed that the protective effects of the LIPEF and fucoidan could reduce the oxidative stress in the NSC-34 cells exposed to H₂O₂ for 24 h.