Table 2.
Integrated microfluidic platforms for exosome analysis.
| Microfluidic platform | Isolation method | Detection method | Targeted disease | Measured biomarkers | Clinical sample | Limit of Detection | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ExoChip | Immunoaffinity (CD63) | Fluorescent staining (Dio) | Pancreatic cancer | Overall exosome counts | Serum | 0.5 pM | Kanwar 2014 (92) |
| nano-IMEX | Immunoaffinity (CD81) | Enzymatic amplification of fluorescence | Ovarian cancer | EpCAM, CD9, CD81 | Plasma | 50 μL−1 | Zhang 2016 (93) |
| Exodisc | Double filtration | Colorimetric ELISA | Bladder cancer | CD9, CD81 | Urine | N/A | Woo 2017 (98) |
| RInSE | Immunoaffinity beads labeled (EpCAM) | Flow cytometry | Breast cancer | CD81 | Blood | N/A | Dudani 2015 (96) |
| μNMR | differential ultracentrifugation | Immunomagnetic tagging (CD63), μNMR detection | GBM | EGFRvIII, EGFR, PDPN, IDH1 R132H | Plasma | 104 μL−1 | Shao 2012 (117) |
| nPLEX | Immunoaffinity (CD63) | Nanohole array SPR | Ovarian cancer | EpCAM, CD24 | Ascites fluid | 3000 exosomes (670 aM) | Im 2014 (124) |
| iMEX | Magnetic immunoaffinity (CD63) | Electrochemical sensing | Ovarian cancer | EpCAM, CD24, CA125, HER2, MUC18, EGFR | Plasma | 104 μL−1 | Jeong 2016 (119) |
| ExoSearch | Immunoaffinity (CD9) | Multiplexed immunoassay | Ovarian cancer | CA125, CD24, EpCAM | Plasma | 750 μ−1 | Zhao 2016 (94) |
| Integrated flow-through Chip | Immunomagnetic capture (EpCAM) | On-chip exosome lysis and ELISA | NSCLC | IGF-1R, phospho-IGF-1 R | Plasma | N/A | He 2014 (116) |
| nPES | Immunoaffinity (CD81) | Nano-plasmon enhanced scattering | Pancreatic cancer | EphA2 | Plasma (1 μL) | N/A | Liang 2017 (125) |
| μMED | Magnetic immunoaffinity (CD81) | Fluorescence immunoassay | Concussion | GluR2 | Mouse serum | 104 μL−1 | Ko 2016 (73) |
| iMER | Magnetic immunoaffinity (EGFR and EGFRvIII) | On-chip exosome lysis and RT-qPCR | GBM | EPHA2, EGFR, PDPN, MGTM, APNG | Serum | N/A | Shao 2015 (95) |
| EVHB-Chip | Immunoaffinity (EGFR, EGFRvIII, ephA2, podoplanin, PDGFR, MCAM) | Off-chip exosome lysis and digital droplet PCR | GBM | mRNA profile (e.g., EGFR, EGFRvIII) | Serum, plasma | 100 μL−1 | Reategui 2018 (120) |
| ExoTENPO | immunomagnetic nanopore trapping (CD63, CD9, CD81, EpCAM) | Off-chip RT-qPCR | Pancreatic cancer | mRNA profiles (CK18, CD63, Erbb3, KRAS) | Mouse plasma | N/A | Ko 2017 (110) |