Table 1.

Overview of Analytic Approaches to use with Matched-Pairs Dyadic Distinguishable Data

Analytic Approaches	Essential Measured Variables	Analysis	Example Research Questions
Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (Kenny et al., 2006; Ledermann & Kenny, 2017; Van Dulmen, & Goncy, 2010)	Y1a, Y1b X1a, X1b	-Captures mutual influence -Actor effects: regression paths from X1a to Y1a and X1b to Y1b -Partner effects: regression paths from X1a to Y1b and X1b to Y1a	-Does mothers’ (person a) acculturative stress relate to mothers’ perceptions of parent-child relationship quality (actor effect) and child perceptions of relationship quality (partner effect)? -Does child’s (person b) acculturative stress relate to child’s perceptions of parent-child relationship quality (actor effect) and mothers’ perceptions of relationship quality (partner effect)?
-Two-Intercept Model (Barnett et al., 1993; Wendorf, 2002)	Y1a, Y1b X1	-Creation and prediction of latent outcome variables for each dyad member -Regression path from X1 to Y1a and Y1b	-Does the parent-child acculturation gap relate to mothers’ and children’s perceptions of parent-child relationship quality?
Difference Model (Newsom, 2002)	Y1a, Y1b X1	-Prediction of difference term -Regression path from X1 variable to latent difference of Y1a and Y1b	-Do mothers’ and children’s acculturative stress associate with differences in mothers’ and children’s perceptions of parent-child relationship quality?
Common Fate Model (Cook, 1998; Ledermann, & Kenny, 2011)	Y1a, Y1b X1a, X1b	-Group members are influenced by common relational or external factors -Regression paths from Xa, Xb (specified at the individual- and dyad-level) to Y1a, Y1b	-Does dyad-level and individual-level reports of neighborhood safety relate to mothers’ and children’s perceptions of parent-child relationship quality?
Mutual Influence / Dyadic Feedback Model (Cook, 1998)	Y1a, Y1b X1a, X1b	-Captures reciprocity between members -Regression paths from X1a to Y1a and X1b to Y1b -Regression paths from Y1a to Y1b and Y1b to Y1a -Link between X1a and Y1b mediated by Y1a (for person a; and the same for person b)	-Do mothers’ (person a) perceptions of parent-child relationship quality mediate the link between maternal acculturative stress on children’s (person b) perceptions of relationship quality? -Do children’s (person b) perceptions of parent-child relationship quality mediate the link between child acculturative stress on mothers’ (person a) perceptions of relationship quality?
Dyadic Growth Curve Model (Kurdek, 2003; Lyons & Sayer, 2005)	Y1a, Y1b over at least four times	-Starting level (intercept) and growth terms (slope) for each dyad member (using Y11a, Y12a, Y13a, Y14a; Y11b, Y12b, Y13b, Y14b); can include predictors (X) of intercept and slope	-Does acculturative stress relate to covariation in wives’ and husbands’ perceptions of marital relationship quality over time?
Cluster / Latent Class / Mixture Models (Whiteman & Loken, 2006)	Multiple Y variables for each dyad member	-Classification of a sample into subpopulation groups based on Y variables (measured for both dyad members) -Use classification variable to predict or can predict membership in groups	-Are there varying profiles of parent and child acculturation (measures of cultural values, orientations, behaviors)? -Do varying acculturation profiles relate to differences in perceptions of parent-child relationship quality?

Note. X = predictor or independent or exogenous variable. Y = outcome or dependent or endogenous variable. a = dyad member a. b = dyad member b. MLM = multilevel modeling framework. SEM = structural equation modeling framework. Basic models are presented, but most of these models can be extended to more complex versions – see noted citations for extensions.