Table 1.

Current IOP-lowering medications for the treatment of Glaucoma.

Type of Medication	Examples	Mechanism of Action	Adverse Effects
Prostaglandin analogues (PGAs)	Latanoprost Travoprost Tafluprost Bimatoprost Timolol	Enhanced outflow of AqH through the uveoscleral pathway	Conjunctival hyperemia, lengthening and darkening of eyelashes, uveitis, macular edema, periocular hyperpigmentation, increased iris pigmentation
β-Adrenergic blockers	Levobunolol Carteolol Betaxolol Brimonidine	Reduction of AqH production	Ocular irritation, dry eyes, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia
α-Adrenergic agonists	Apraclonidine Dorzolamide	Decreased AqH production, Enhanced uveoscleral outflow of AqH	Allergic conjunctivitis, dry eyes, contact dermatitis, CNS effects, renal failure
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors	Brinzolamide Acetazolamide (oral) Pilcocaprine	Decreased AqH production	Ocular irritation, dry eyes, metallic taste, nausea, renal stones
Cholinergic agonists		Increased outflow of AqH through conventional pathway	Itching/burning/stinging of the eye, poor vision in dim light, temporary vision loss, headache, brow ache
Rho Kinase Inhibitors Modified PGAs	Netarsudil Latanoprost bunod (LBN)	Increased outflow of AqH through conventional pathway Dual mechanism: increased AqH outflow through conventional pathway (via latanoprost acid), and increased outflow of AqH through conventional pathway via nitric oxide release	Conjunctival hyperemia, corneal verticullata Conjunctival hyperemia, punctata keratitis, eye pain, vision loss