Table 1.

Changes in transporter expression levels in various acute disease states versus healthy subjects^*

Disease	Organ	Transporter mRNA (Species)	Transporter Protein (Species)	Clinical or Preclinical ‘phenotype’	References
Inflammation	Liver		Human: postmortem sepsis: ↓BSEP ↑ MRP3, MRP4		(9)
				ICG: ↓ CL in sepsis non-survivors and IL-6 plasma levels correlated with ICG CL	(8)
		LPS treated liver slices: ↔ MRP2 and BSEP	LPS treated liver slices: ↓MRP2 and BSEP		(7)
		Oncostatin M treated hepatocytes: ↓NTCP, OATP 1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, OCT1, OAT2, MRP2, BCRP ↔ P-gp, MRP3, MRP4, BSEP	Oncostatin M treated hepatocytes: ↓NTCP, OATP1B1, OATP2B1, BCRP	Oncostatin M treated hepatocytes: ↓NTCP, OATP	(99)
		IL-6 treated hepatocytes: ↓P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, NTCP, OATB1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, OCT1	IL-6 treated hepatocytes: ↓MRP2, BCRP, NTCP, OATP1B1 ↑MRP3 ↔P-gp	IL-6 treated hepatocytes: ↓NTCP, OATP, OCT1	(6)
		TNF-α treated hepatocytes: ↓BSEP, NTCP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OCT1, OAT2	TNF-α treated hepatocytes: ↓NTCP, OATP1B1, ↑MRP3, BCRP ↔MRP2, P-gp	TNF-α treated hepatocytes: ↓NTCP, OATP, OCT1	(6)
		IFN-ϒ treated hepatocytes: ↓P-gp, MRP2,MRP3, BCRP, BSEP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1			(6)
	Intestine	TNF-α, IL-1β, INF-ϒ mixture treated Intestinal biopsies: ↓P-gp			(100)
				↓ P-gp activity in patients with diarrhea	(16)
Ischemic Kidney Injury	Kidney	Rat: ↓Oat1, Oat3, Oct2, Mate	Human: ↓OAT1, OAT3 Rat: ↓Oat1, Oat3 ↑ P-gp (endotoxemia)		(23,24,29)
Stroke	Blood brain barrier	Human: ↑P-gp Rat: ↑P-gp, Bcrp, Mrp5, Oatp2	Human: ↑P-gp Mouse: ↑P-gp (↓)Mrp1		(32-35)
Chorioamnionitis	Placenta	TNF-α or IL-1β treated primary human term trophoblasts: ↓ P-gp, BCRP	TNF-α or IL-1β treated primary human term trophoblasts: ↓ P-gp, BCRP	TNF-α treated primary human term trophoblasts: ↓ BCRP activity	(36)
		Human: choriamniotic placenta: ↑ or ↓BCRP ↑ or ↔ P-gp ↓OATP2B1	Human: choriamniotis placenta: ↓BCRP ↔ P-gp ↓OATP2B1		(38,39)
Intra-uterine growth retardation		↓P-gp	↓P-gp		(101)

ICG = Indocyanine green; CL = plasma clearance; ↓, decreased expression; ↑, increased expression; ↔, no effect

^*Data obtained in preclinical species were only included in cases where human data were not available