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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018 Sep;19(9):579–593. doi: 10.1038/s41580-018-0033-y
Longevity paradigm Organism Refs
Genetic longevity paradigms
Dietary restriction

  • Yeasts*

  • Worms (eat-2 mutants)*

  • Flies

  • Mice

 130
mTOR inhibition (for example, rapamycin)

  • Yeasts*

  • Worms (daf-15 heterozygotes)*

  • Flies*

  • Mice

 131
Reduced insulin/IGF1 signalling

  • Yeasts

  • Worms (daf-2 mutants)*

  • Flies

  • Mice

 132
Increased AMPK activity

  • Yeasts

  • Worms*

  • Flies*

  • Mice

 133
Reduced mitochondrial respiration

  • Yeasts

  • Worms*

  • Flies

 134
Hormetic heat shock

  • Yeasts

  • Worms*

  • Flies

 135
Germ-line removal

  • Worms (glp-1 mutants)*

  • Flies

 64
Reduced TGFβ/Activin signalling

  • Worms

  • Flies*

 12,138
Pharmacological longevity paradigms
Spermidine

  • Yeasts*

  • Worms*

  • Flies*

  • Mice

 136
Resveratrol

  • Yeasts

  • Worms*

  • Flies

  • Mice

 137
Urolithin A

  • Worms*

  • Mice (of note, in this case, animal healthspan and not longevity was evaluated)

 63

TGFβ, transforming growth factor-β.