Table 1.
Demographics of mother and infant participants (N=549)
| Mother Demographics | First pregnancy | Second pregnancy |
|---|---|---|
| Age at enrollment (years) | 28.5±3.3 | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7±5.1 | 26.2±5.6 |
| Normal weight (%) | 54.8 | 50.5 |
| Overweight (%) | 28.1 | 29.0 |
| Obese (%) | 17.1 | 20.6 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | ||
| White | 95.8 | |
| African American | 1.6 | |
| Other | 2.6 | |
| Non-Hispanic | 97.5 | |
| Education (%) | ||
| High school degree or less | 6.2 | |
| Some college/technical school | 18.2 | |
| College degree or higher | 75.6 | |
| Marital status (%) | ||
| Married | 94.9 | |
| Not married | 5.1 | |
| Smoked during pregnancy (%) | 4.0 | |
| GWG (lbs) by BMI category | 37.8±11.9 | 34.8±10.6 |
| Normal weight | 38.6±9.9 | 36.5±8.4 |
| Overweight | 38.9±14.3 | 35.1±11.5 |
| Obese | 33.2±12.2 | 30.2±12.5 |
| IOM GWG guidelines (%) | ||
| Met guidelines | 33.5 | 36.4 |
| Exceeded guidelines | 66.5 | 63.6 |
| Infant demographics | First born | Second born |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 39.4±1.1 | 39.2±1.0 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3511.4±440.2 | 3628.0±422.2 |
| <2500 (low) (%) | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| 2500-4000 (normal) (%) | 84.5 | 79.4 |
| >4000 (high) (%) | 14.8 | 20.0 |
| Large-for-gestational age (%) | 10.8 | 17.7 |
| Male sex (%) | 53.9 | 51.3 |
Data is presented as mean±SD or as % when noted. Body mass index (BMI); Gestational weight gain (GWG); Institute of Medicine (IOM)