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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 18.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Chem Biol. 2018 Dec 26;14(1):50–57. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00872

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Structures and biological roles of ascarosides modified with various head groups. a) Structures and biological roles of ascarosides modified on the 4′-position of the ascarylose sugar with the indole-3-carbonyl (IC), 4-hydroxybenzoyl (HB), (E)-2-methyl-2-butenoyl (MB), and octopamine succinyl (OS) head groups. b) The IC group, which is biosynthesized from tryptophan, is attached to the 4′-position of asc-ΔC9. Ascarosides that are not modified with the IC group, such as asc-ΔC9, tend to induce avoidance while ascarosides that are modified with the IC group, such as IC-asc-ΔC9, tend to induce aggregation.