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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mult Scler. 2018 Sep 19;25(12):1580–1592. doi: 10.1177/1352458518799583

Table 2:

Cognitive tests administered to study participants.

Cognitive Test Name Description
Symbol Digit Modalities Test1 Written format; assesses information processing speed
Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test2 3 second interval version; assesses auditory information processing speed, working memory, and calculation ability
Simple Reaction Time3 One stimulus; assesses information processing speed and motor speed
Choice Reaction Time3 Four stimuli; assesses information processing speed and motor speed
Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised4 Evaluated for total learning and delayed recall; assesses visuospatial learning and memory
Buschke Selective Reminding Test5 Evaluated for total recall across 8 trials; assesses verbal learning and memory
Trail Making Tests A and B6 Paper format; assesses visual attention, cognitive flexibility, and executive functions
Global Deterioration Scale7 Rating scale (1-7) assesses the level of cognitive decline
Brief Cognitive Rating Scale8 Assesses cognitive abilities with an interview covering 8 axes: concentration and calculation, recent memory, remote memory, orientation, functioning and self-care, language, motoric functioning, mood and behavior
1

Smith A. Symbol digit modalities test: Manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services. Manual, 1982.

2

Forn C, Belenguer A, Parcet-Ibars MA, et al. Information-processing speed is the primary deficit underlying the poor performance of multiple sclerosis patients in the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2008; 30: 789-796. DOI: 10.1080/13803390701779560.

3

Reicker LI, Tombaugh TN, Walker L, et al. Reaction time: An alternative method for assessing the effects of multiple sclerosis on information processing speed. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2007; 22: 655-664. DOI: 10.1016/j.acn.2007.04.008.

4

Benedict R. Brief visuospatial memory test-revised: professional manual. Odessa, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources. Inc, 1997.

5

Buschke H and Fuld PA. Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning. Neurology 1974; 24: 1019-1025.

6

Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment. Oxford University Press, USA, 1995.

7

Reisberg B, Ferris SH, de Leon MJ, et al. The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. The American journal of psychiatry 1982; 139: 1136-1139. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.139.9.1136.

8

Tsolaki M, Drevelegas A, Karachristianou S, et al. Correlation of dementia, neuropsychological and MRI findings in multiple sclerosis. Dementia 1994; 5: 48-52.