Table 2.
Participant characteristics by level of dietary inflammatory index (DII) among controls, Iranian GDM Case-Control Study, Tehran, Iran (n=266).
| Tertile 1 ≤ −1.32 | Tertile 2 −1.31 to −0.38 | Tertile 3 >−0.38 | P-Valuea,b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, (years): mean ± sd | 30.10±4.13 | 29.54±4.10 | 29.62±4.56 | 0.46 |
| Gestational age, (months): mean± sd | 31.39±3.46 | 31.65±3.80 | 30.52±3.25 | 0.10 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2): mean ± sd | 24.48±2.79 | 24.86±3.75 | 24.59±3.38 | 0.82 |
| Physical activity, (MET, h/d) | 21.11±22.39 | 20.35±23.20 | 23.81±32.56 | 0.50 |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 27 (30.34) | 31 (34.83) | 31 (35.23) | 0.74 |
| Supplement use a year before pregnancy, n (%) | 35 (39.33) | 29 (32.58) | 20 (22.73) | 0.06 |
| Smoking exposure n (%) | 8 (8.99) | 8 (8.99) | 8 (9.09) | 0.99 |
a
Student t-test was used for continuous variables;
b
Chi-square test was used for categorical variables