L-type calcium channel blockers combined with Y27632 enhance cortical axon regeneration. A, βIII-tubulin immunostaining of cortical cultures after five days of regeneration under the indicated conditions. B, Quantification of axon regeneration. Y27632 (25 μM) plus verapamil, diltiazem or nifedipine (10 μM each) significantly enhance axon regeneration in the presence of CSPG. Data are mean ± S.E. n = 5-36. Scale bar, 100 μm. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01 vs. CSPG control, one-way ANOVA, post hoc Dunnett.