Table 1.

Summary of studies investigating prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in Asia.

Reference	Location	Key findings
Zhao et al17, 2014	Shanghai, China	•Marked increase in PCa incidence between 2000 and 2009. There was an increasing trend in incidence in the 50- to 60-year age group (p = 0.047). •Mortality rates varied greatly in both districts. General decrease in PCa mortality, although trends were not statistically significant. •60- to 70-year age group accounted for the highest proportion of incidence.
Shao et al90, 2012	Eastern China	•The overall survival and disease-specific survival rates demonstrated a trend toward improved survival in younger men. •Higher disease stage correlated with shorter survival (p < 0.05).
Ian et al91, 2008	Macau, China	•No significant difference in PCa incidence, pathology, and clinical stage between indigenous Chinese and Chinese of Portuguese descent cohorts in Macau.
Vu et al8, 2010	Vietnam	•The number of PCa cases rose between 1999 and 2008 from 117 cases to 384 cases.
Lalitha et al4, 2012	India	•Uniformly, the age-specific incidence rates increased with increasing age groups in all Indian population–based cancer registries, especially if aged above 55 years. •Peak incidence was observed at the age above 65 years. •Trend analysis revealed a steady increase in the crude rate of PCa in many cancer registries across India (apart from Nagpur).
Yeole5, 2008	India	•Statistically significant increase in PCa incidence in all the registries (significant at 0.05 level).
Chen et al10, 2012	Singapore, Sweden, and Geneva	•Age-standardized incidence rates above 50 years increased for all three countries. Occurred at a faster rate in Sweden and Geneva than in Singapore. •Higher age-specific incidence and mortality rates were found in the older age groups for all three countries. •Age-standardized mortality rates declined in the later periods (1998–2006) for all three countries. •Both incidence and mortality rates were lower in Singapore than in Sweden and Geneva.
Lim et al11, 2012	Singapore	•Increase in incidence of PCa with AAR at 17.4 per 100,000 person-years in 1998–2002 and 26.7 per 100,000 person-years in 2005–2009. The incidence rates were higher than for Malaysia, China, and India. •Age-standardized mortality rate remained fairly stable at 5–6 per 100,000 person-years from 1998 to 2009.
Ranasinghe et al13, 2011	Sri Lanka	•The standardized incidence rate was 5.7 per 100,000 person-years. •Most PCa diagnoses were seen in the 66- to 70-year age group.
Koo et al6, 2015	South Korea	•Incidence of PCa was 18.4 per 100,000; 5-year prevalence as of 2012 was 70.1 per 100,000. •Between 2002 and 2009, annual percent increases in prevalence and incidence were 26.2 and 15.1%, respectively.
Chi and Chang92, 2010	South Korea	•Findings suggest that the incidence of PCa in the investigators' hospital had been stable over the previous 14 years.
Moon et al16, 2009	South Korea	•The PCa death rate tripled between 1983 and 1988, tripled again by 1996, and more than tripled between 1996 and 2006 to 4.11 per 100,000. •Low death rates below 60 years of age and dramatically increased rates over 70 years of age, a trend particularly evident since the year 2000.
Song et al14, 2008	South Korea	•The estimated cancer detection rate adjusted for age (55 years or older) was 3.36%, significantly higher than in most previous East Asian reports.
Park et al7, 2006	South Korea	•Nationwide incidence was 7.9 per 100,000 man-years. •Regional rates ranged from 7.3 per 100,000 (in Daegu, third largest city) to 10.9 per 100,000 in Seoul (capital). •PCa mortality rates rose 12.7-fold from 0.30 to 3.82 per 100,000 man-years.
Tseng15, 2011	Taiwan	•Trend of PCa mortality in the Taiwanese male general population from 1995 to 2006 has significantly increased (p < 0.0001) for age groups 65–74 and 75 years.
Kido et al93, 2015	Japan	•PCa was most prevalent among individuals in their 80s (33.3%), followed by those in their 70s (23.6%), 50s (14.3%), and 60s (11.4%). •The overall prevalence of PCa among individuals older than 49 years was 18.1%.
Katanoda et al9, 2015	Japan	•Annual percentage change in PCa mortality rate was -1.3% from 2004 to 2013. There was an annual percentage change of 2.4% in PCa incidence from 2003 to 2010.

AAR, age-adjusted incidence rate; PCa, prostate cancer.