. 2018 Nov 22;7(1):1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.prnil.2018.11.001

Table 4.

Modifiable risk factors for PCa in Asia.

Increased risk	Decreased risk	No effect or unclear association
High intake of red meat, fat, dairy, and eggs²⁴^,²⁵^,²⁶^,²⁷^,²⁸^,⁹⁴
Consumption of fish²⁹	Consumption of fish³⁵
Genistein, daidzein, and isoflavone (in soy foods); advanced PCa only⁴⁰	Consumption of vegetables, fruits, soy bean products, dietary fibre, fluid, green tea, and coffee²⁴^,²⁵^,²⁶^,³⁸^,³⁹^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁹⁵	Consumption of fruits and vegetables, green tea; genistein, daidzein, and isoflavone (in soy foods; localized PCa)²⁹^,³⁰^,³³^,³⁴^,³⁶^,³⁷
Overweight and obesity²⁵^,⁴³		Overweight and obesity⁴²^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵
	Physical exercise²⁵	Physical exercise⁴²
Tobacco smoking; past smokers only²⁵^,²⁹^,³⁴		Tobacco smoking²⁴^,²⁷^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷^,⁹⁶
Alcohol consumption²⁹^,⁴⁸^,⁹⁶		Alcohol consumption²⁴^,²⁷^,³⁴^,⁴⁵