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. 2019 Mar 13;10:90. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00090

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics as well as parameters of aerobic fitness in patients with schizophrenia with (SZ-CI) and without chronotropic incompetence (SZ-nonCI).

Parameters NonCI-patients CI-patients P-value
n = 33 n = 10
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
Age; years 37.4 ± 13.5 34.0 ± 11.3 0.542
Gender: male/female 22/11 9/1 0.150
Body mass; kg 87.2 ± 15.4 101 ± 27 0.204
BMI; kg/m2 27.6 ± 4.1 31.3 ± 6.2 0.033
DISEASE SPECIFIC DATA
Duration of disease (years) 10.7 ± 9.8 11.6 ± 8.0 0.702
PANSS 70.0 ± 6.6 67.1 ± 5.5 0.724
MEDICATION
Chlorpromazine equivalents, CPE (mg/d) 624 ± 632 767 ± 822 0.687
Clozapin (yes/no) 2/31 3/7 0.039
PARAMETERS OF AEROBIC FITNESS
Peak oxygen uptake; ml/kg/min 30.9 ± 8.6 25.2 ± 7.5 0.067
Peak oxygen uptake; % pred 98 ± 21 74 ± 19 0.003
Peak power output; W/kg 1.97 ± 0.52 1.54 ± 0.49 0.027
Power output at Lactate Threshold; W/kg 1.06 ± 0.33 0.83 ± 0.21 0.017
PWC 130; W/kg (CI: n = 9; nonCI: n = 31) 1.08 ± 0.33 1.14 ± 0.29 0.601
PWC 150; W/kg (CI: n = 9) 1.39 ± 0.45 1.61 ± 0.34 0.188
OBJECTIVE EFFORT
Peak blood lactate, mmol/l 7.9 ± 2.6 6.4 ± 2.3 0.089
HEART RATE DATA AND CHRONOTROPIC RESPONSE
Baseline heart rate; 1/min 88 ± 15 92 ± 7 0.629
Peak heart rate; 1/min 177 ± 14 154 ± 17 <0.001
% pred. heart rate reserve 95 ± 13 64 ± 13 <0.001
Slope metabolic-chronotropic relationship 0.98 ± 0.14 0.65 ± 0.15 <0.001

Data shown as mean ± standard deviation or absolute numbers.

n, number of participants if not all are include in calculation because of excluded or missing data (e.g., failure to reach a given heart rate).

Bold values indicate significant differences between groups.

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