Table 5.
Energy and nutrient intake and pairwise differences between the dietary assessment methods with effect size estimates
| DHI | 24HR | WR | Difference of means 24HR-DHI | Difference of means DHI-WR | Difference of means 24HR-WR | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Median | Mean | Median | Mean | Median | Mean | CI | %a | Effect sized | Mean | CI | %b | Effect sized | Mean | CI | %c | Effect sized | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2180.0 | 2086.6 | 2040.0 | 1969.8 | 2034.1 | 1998.9 | − 139.9 | − 190.9; − 93.1 | − 6.4 | 0.2 | 146.2 | 99.1; 195.8 | 7.2 | 0.2 | 6.3 | − 29.0; 42.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
| Protein (g/day) | 75.6 | 71.6 | 72.5 | 70.5 | 71.6 | 70.3 | − 3.1 | − 5.0; − 1.4 | − 4.1 | 0.1 | 4.0 | 2.3; 5.8 | 5.6 | 0.2 | 0.9 | − 0.5; 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.0 |
| Fat (g/day) | 81.8 | 77.0 | 78.1 | 75.1 | 80.5 | 77.2 | − 3.7 | − 6.3; − 1.3 | − 4.5 | 0.1 | 1.4 | − 0.8; 3.8 | 1.7 | 0.0 | − 2.3 | − 4.2; − 0.5 | − 3.0 | 0.1 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 261.8 | 246.5 | 235.7 | 229.1 | 232.2 | 225.4 | − 26.1 | − 32.3; − 20.4 | − 10.0 | 0.3 | 29.7 | 23.8; 36.0 | 12.8 | 0.4 | 3.6 | − 0.9; 8.0 | 1.5 | 0.1 |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 10.0 | 4.5 | 12.1 | 7.2 | 10.8 | 5.3 | 2.1 | 1.1; 3.0 | 21.1 | 0.2 | − 0.8 | − 1.6; 0.0 | − 7.2 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.5; 2.2 | 11.0 | 0.1 |
| Dietary fibre (g/day) | 26.5 | 25.2 | 20.1 | 19.4 | 19.7 | 18.9 | − 6.4 | − 7.0; − 5.7 | − 24.1 | 0.7 | 6.8 | 6.2; 7.4 | 34.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.0; 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.1 |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 295.2 | 275.6 | 282.6 | 263.3 | 291.5 | 278.9 | − 12.5 | − 23.4; − 3.1 | − 4.2 | 0.1 | 3.8 | − 5.8; 13.6 | 1.3 | 0.0 | − 8.8 | − 17.6; − 0.4 | − 3.1 | 0.1 |
| Retinol equiv. (mg/day) | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.1 | − 0.7 | − 0.8; − 0.6 | − 35.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4; 0.6 | 39.4 | 0.4 | − 0.1 | − 0.3; − 0.1 | − 12.2 | 0.1 |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) | 13.1 | 11.5 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 11.2 | 10.3 | − 2.7 | − 3.3; − 2.2 | − 20.8 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 1.5; 2.5 | 17.4 | 0.3 | − 0.8 | − 1.2; − 0.4 | − 7.6 | 0.2 |
| Thiamine (mg/day) | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | − 0.3 | − 0.4; − 0.3 | − 20.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2; 0.3 | 20.9 | 0.3 | − 0.1 | − 0.1; 0.0 | − 4.1 | 0.1 |
| Riboflavin (mg/day) | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | − 0.4 | − 0.4; − 0.4 | − 21.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2; 0.4 | 20.8 | 0.4 | − 0.1 | − 0.1; 0.0 | − 5.1 | 0.1 |
| Pyridoxine (mg/day) | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | − 0.5 | − 0.6; − 0.4 | − 24.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3; 0.5 | 25.0 | 0.4 | − 0.1 | − 0.1; 0.0 | − 5.4 | 0.1 |
| Folate equiv. (µg/day) | 304.1 | 269.8 | 208.3 | 202.2 | 237.1 | 216.8 | − 95.8 | − 108.2; − 85.2 | − 31.5 | 0.6 | 67.0 | 55.7; 80.0 | 28.2 | 0.4 | − 28.8 | − 35.7; − 22.2 | − 13.8 | 0.3 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg/day) | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.3 | − 0.2 | − 0.4; 0.0 | − 3.6 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1; 0.4 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 0.0 | − 0.2; 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 165.1 | 143.6 | 109.7 | 100.0 | 118.1 | 103.0 | − 55.4 | − 62.3; − 48.5 | − 33.5 | 0.6 | 47.0 | 39.3; 54.1 | 39.8 | 0.5 | − 8.4 | − 15.4; − 3.3 | − 7.7 | 0.1 |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 3541.9 | 3439.8 | 2856.7 | 2783.7 | 2895.0 | 2843.4 | − 685.2 | − 759.6; − 614.2 | − 19.3 | 0.7 | 647.2 | 577.3; 722.0 | 22.3 | 0.7 | − 38.0 | − 89.1; 14.4 | − 1.3 | 0.1 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 1015.9 | 932.9 | 830.2 | 798.7 | 843.7 | 803.1 | − 185.7 | − 213.7; − 159.4 | − 18.3 | 0.5 | 172.4 | 145.8; 200.7 | 20.4 | 0.5 | − 13.4 | − 34.4; 7.8 | − 1.6 | 0.0 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 390.6 | 375.4 | 329.4 | 322.9 | 330.9 | 321.7 | − 61.2 | − 69.4; − 53.3 | − 15.7 | 0.6 | 59.7 | 52.0; 67.8 | 18.0 | 0.6 | − 1.5 | − 8.0; 5.1 | − 0.5 | 0.0 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 12.4 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 11.4 | 11.3 | − 1.1 | − 1.4; − 0.8 | − 8.7 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.7; 1.3 | 8.8 | 0.3 | − 0.1 | − 0.3; 0.2 | − 0.6 | 0.0 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 10.9 | 10.3 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 9.8 | − 0.9 | − 1.2; − 0.7 | − 8.5 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.6; 1.1 | 8.5 | 0.2 | − 0.1 | − 0.3; 0.1 | − 0.8 | 0.0 |
DHI diet history interviews, 24HR 24-h recalls, WR weighed food record, CI confidence intervals
aDHI = 100%
bWR = 100%
c24HR = 100%
dCohen’s d