Table 8.
Energy and nutrient intake of underreporters and plausible reporters and relative differences between these for each dietary assessment method
| Diet history interviews | 24-h recalls | Weighed food records | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underreporters n = 158 |
Plausible reportersb n = 519 |
Underreporters n = 105 | Plausible reportersb n = 572 |
Underreporters n = 150 |
Plausible reportersb n = 527 |
||||||||||
| Median | CI | Median | CI | %Diffa | Median | CI | Median | CI | %Diffa | Median | CI | Median | CI | %Diffa | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1421 | 1371; 1481 | 2294 | 2211; 2345 | 38 | 1360 | 1230; 1404 | 2080 | 2026; 2145 | 35 | 1353 | 1304; 1416 | 2157 | 2100; 2197 | 37 |
| Proteine (g/day) | 49.6 | 47.6; 52.3 | 78.3 | 76.3; 81.0 | 37 | 50.3 | 46.8; 54.8 | 73.7 | 71.7; 75.3 | 32 | 52.4 | 50.1; 54.8 | 74.8 | 73.2; 77.1 | 30 |
| Fat (g/day) | 50.9 | 47.2; 54.2 | 83.9 | 81.5; 87.1 | 39 | 46.6 | 44.7; 49.6 | 79.5 | 77.6; 82.8 | 41 | 51.8 | 48.8; 54.6 | 83.3 | 80.8; 86.1 | 38 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 171 | 160; 184 | 272 | 265; 279 | 37 | 159 | 151; 172 | 241 | 234; 246 | 34 | 156 | 152; 162 | 244 | 237; 251 | 36 |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 2.6 | 1.7; 3.6 | 5.4 | 4.4; 6.5 | 52 | 4.8 | 3.2; 7.1 | 7.7 | 6.6; 8.8 | 38 | 1.4 | 0.3; 2.8 | 7.8 | 6.3; 8.8 | 82 |
| Dietary fibre (g/day) | 18.5 | 17.6; 20.3 | 27.1 | 26.3; 28.0 | 32 | 14.4 | 13.7; 15.1 | 20.4 | 19.7; 21.0 | 29 | 13.5 | 12.6; 14.7 | 20.1 | 19.4; 20.6 | 33 |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 179 | 172; 200 | 304 | 291; 316 | 41 | 187 | 170; 195 | 283 | 270; 293 | 34 | 192 | 174; 216 | 298 | 289; 307 | 36 |
| Retinol equiv. (mg/day) | 1.3 | 1.2; 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.7; 1.9 | 27 | 0.9 | 0.8; 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.1; 1.2 | 26 | 0.7 | 0.6; 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.2; 1.3 | 45 |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) | 8.2 | 7.4; 8.5 | 12.8 | 12.3; 13.8 | 36 | 7.2 | 6.1; 7.8 | 10.4 | 10.1; 10.8 | 31 | 7.2 | 6.6; 7.5 | 11.2 | 10.8; 11.7 | 36 |
| Thiamine (mg/day) | 0.9 | 0.9; 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4; 1.5 | 35 | 0.9 | 0.8; 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.2; 1.3 | 27 | 0.9 | 0.8; 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.2; 1.3 | 31 |
| Riboflavine (mg/day) | 1.1 | 1.0; 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.7; 1.8 | 37 | 0.9 | 0.9; 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4; 1.4 | 33 | 0.9 | 0.9; 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4; 1.5 | 35 |
| Pyridoxine (mg/day) | 1.2 | 1.2; 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.8; 1.9 | 34 | 1.1 | 1.0; 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.4; 1.5 | 28 | 1.0 | 1.0; 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.5; 1.6 | 36 |
| Folate equiv. (µg/day) | 207 | 191; 217 | 293 | 280; 307 | 29 | 141 | 132; 150 | 211 | 207; 217 | 33 | 142 | 134; 156 | 234 | 228; 242 | 39 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg/day) | 2.9 | 2.7; 3.1 | 5.1 | 4.9; 5.3 | 43 | 3.4 | 3.0; 3.6 | 4.7 | 4.5; 4.9 | 27 | 3.2 | 2.9; 3.4 | 4.6 | 4.5; 4.8 | 31 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 115 | 104; 124 | 154 | 144; 163 | 26 | 69.3 | 64; 79 | 105 | 100; 110 | 34 | 69.9 | 61; 81 | 112 | 106; 118 | 38 |
| Potassium (mg/day) | 2525 | 2432; 2737 | 3683 | 3554; 3800 | 31 | 1998 | 1871; 2220 | 2902 | 2822; 2970 | 31 | 1942 | 1877; 2027 | 3089 | 3004; 3160 | 37 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 702 | 680; 746 | 1019 | 985; 1052 | 31 | 619 | 577; 656 | 833 | 812; 851 | 26 | 582 | 553; 644 | 865 | 834; 884 | 33 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 282 | 272; 295 | 405 | 396; 415 | 31 | 247 | 230; 258 | 337 | 327; 344 | 27 | 233 | 224; 248 | 344 | 336; 351 | 32 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 8.8 | 8.2; 9.2 | 12.8 | 12.4; 13.2 | 31 | 7.8 | 7.4; 8.3 | 11.4 | 11.1; 11.7 | 32 | 7.6 | 7.3; 7.9 | 12.0 | 11.7; 12.2 | 36 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 7.4 | 7.1; 7.7 | 11.3 | 11.1; 11.7 | 35 | 7.0 | 6.6; 7.4 | 10.1 | 9.8; 10.3 | 30 | 7.1 | 6.7; 7.4 | 10.4 | 10.1; 10.6 | 32 |
CI confidence interval calculated with bootstrap method
aDiff. = relative difference between plausible reporters and underreporters (underreporters = 100%)
bMann–Whitney U test between underreporters and plausible reporters p < 0.05