Table 1.
Food analysis
| KAMUT® khorasan (crisp toast) | Control (crisp toast) | p | KAMUT® khorasan (crackers) | Control (crackers) | p | KAMUT® khorasan (fusilli) | Control (fusilli) | p | KAMUT® khorasan (penne) | Control (penne) | p | KAMUT® khorasan (flour) | Control (flour) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humidity, g/100 g | 3.10 (0.19) | 4.93 (0.19) | < 0.001 | 2.87 (0.19) | 1.45 (0.19) | < 0.001 | 9.96 (0.15) | 10.28 (0.15) | < 0.001 | 9.68 (0.15) | 10.96 (0.15) | < 0.001 | 10.58 (0.15) | 10.59 (0.15) | 0.883 |
| Protein (N × 6.25), g/100 g | 14.20 (0.50) | 14.80 (0.55) | 0.020 | 13.58 (0.49) | 10.84 (0.39) | < 0.001 | 14.30 (0.50) | 11.53 (0.42) | < 0.001 | 14.00 (0.50) | 11.57 (0.42) | < 0.001 | 13.36 (0.48) | 10.40 (0.38) | < 0.001 |
| Fat, g/100 g | 7.32 (0.39) | 5.96 (0.32) | < 0.001 | 10.99 (0.58) | 10.88 (0.58) | 0.677 | 1.66 (0.08) | 1.96 (0.09) | < 0.001 | 1.59 (0.07) | 1.91 (0.09) | < 0.001 | 1.72 (0.09) | 2.07 (0.11) | < 0.001 |
|
Ashes g/100 g |
3.17 (0.08) | 2.55 (0.07) | < 0.001 | 3.07 (0.08) | 3.25 (0.09) | < 0.001 | 1.60 (0.04) | 1.60 (0.04) | 1.000 | 1.56 (0.04) | 1.49 (0.04) | 0.001 | 1.84 (0.02) | 1.79 (0.02) | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrates, g/100 g | 62.31 (0.87) | 61.46 (0.87) | 0.042 | 64.59 (0.84) | 67.88 (0.81) | < 0.001 | 63.68 (0.73) | 65.73 (0.68) | < 0.001 | 65.07 (0.70) | 66.07 (0.64) | 0.004 | 62.30 (0.75) | 64.65 (0.73) | < 0.001 |
| Energetic value, kcal/100 g | 392 (3) | 379 (2) | < 0.001 | 421 (3) | 424 (3) | 0.038 | 344 (2) | 344 (2) | 1.000 | 347 (2) | 344 (2) | 0.004 | 339 (2) | 340 (2) | 0.278 |
| Total dietary fiber, g/100 g | 9.9 (0.6) | 10.3 (0.6) | 0.153 | 4.9 (0.3) | 5.7 (0.4) | < 0.001 | 8.8 (0.5) | 8.9 (0.5) | 0.660 | 8.1 (0.5) | 8.0 (0.5) | 0.660 | 10.2 (0.6) | 10.5 (0.6) | 0.278 |
| Insoluble dietary fiber, g/100 g | 7.7 (0.5) | 7.0 (0.4) | 0.003 | 4.1 (0.3) | 4.7 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 6.1 (0.4) | 6.0 (0.4) | 0.583 | 5.3 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.4) | 0.111 | 7.2 (0.4) | 7.5 (0.5) | 0.156 |
| Soluble dietary fiber, g/100 g | 2.2 (0.2) | 3.3 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.038 | 2.7 (0.3) | 2.9 (0.3) | 0.153 | 2.8 (0.3) | 2.4 (0.2) | 0.003 | 3.0 (0.3) | 3.0 (0.3) | 1.000 |
| Folic acid, μg/100 g | 36.0 (2.5) | 40.0 (2.6) | 0.003 | 29.0 (2.3) | 15.0 (2.1) | < 0.001 | 35.0 (2.4) | 37.0 (2.5) | 0.085 | 31.0 (2.4) | 27.0 (2.3) | 0.001 | 31.0 (2.4) | 25.0 (2.2) | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin E, mg/100 g | 24.60 (1.50) | 25.80 (1.60) | 0.101 | 4.50 (0.28) | 5.09 (0.32) | < 0.001 | 0.12 (0.01) | 0.29 (0.02) | < 0.001 | 0.20 (0.02) | 0.21 (0.02) | 0.278 | 1.03 (0.07) | 0.49 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Total polyphenols, mg/g DM | 1.58 (0.08) | 1.69 (0.08) | 0.007 | 1.89 (0.09) | 1.19 (0.06) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (0.06) | 1.47 (0.07) | < 0.001 | 1.14 (0.06) | 1.40 (0.07) | < 0.001 | 1.53 (0.08) | 1.38 (0.07) | < 0.001 |
| Selenium, mg/kg | 1.12 (0.14) | 0.10 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (0.13) | 0.11 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 1.28 (0.16) | 0.13 (0.02) | < 0.001 | 1.23 (0.16) | 0.10 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (0.14) | 0.09 (0.01) | < 0.001 |
| 13-cis-beta-Carotene, mg/100 g | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||
| All-trans-alpha-Carotene, mg/100 g | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||
| All-trans-beta-Carotene, mg/100 g | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||
| 9-cis-beta-Carotene, mg/100 g | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
Data are reported as mean (SD); p values referred to t test for independent sample