Table 5.
Metabolic profiles of children aged 4–10 and 11–18 years for non-consumers and across increasing tertile of yogurt and fromage frais intake using data from years 1–4 of the NDNS
| Biomarkers | Children 4–10 years Yogurt tertiles (g/day) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC (0) | T1 (1–30) | T2 (31–60) | T3 (61–295) | P valuesa | |||
| Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d | |||||
| Participants, n | 307 | 166 | 155 | 175 | |||
| Height, cm | 125.6 ± 0.8 | 124 ± 1.1 | 122.8 ± 1.1 | 126.4 ± 1.0 | 0.07 | 0.71 | 0.83 |
| Weight, kg | 27.8 ± 0.5 | 26.9 ± 0.7 | 25.9 ± 0.7 | 28.2 ± 0.7 | 0.07 | 0.88 | 0.90 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 17.2 ± 0.2 | 17.1 ± 0.2 | 16.8 ± 0.2 | 17.4 ± 0.2 | 0.34 | 0.59 | 0.62 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 103.9 ± 0.7 | 103.5 ± 0.9 | 103.1 ± 0.9 | 105 ± 0.8 | 0.48 | 0.80 | 0.52 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 62.9 ± 0.6 | 63.7 ± 0.8 | 62.0 ± 0.9 | 62.9 ± 0.8 | 0.62 | 0.46 | 0.53 |
| PP, mm Hg | 87.2 ± 0.8 | 85.9 ± 1.0 | 85.4 ± 1.1 | 84.4 ± 1.0 | 0.14 | 0.024 | 0.038 |
| Serum cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| Serum HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 0.43 | 0.60 | 0.61 |
| Serum LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 0.22 |
| HDL ratio | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| Serum TAG, mmol/L | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.37 |
| Serum CRP, mg/L | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Plasma HbA1c, % | 5.3 ± 0.04 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 0.94 | 0.85 | 0.84 |
| Plasma glucose, mmol/L | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 0.77 | 0.63 | 0.48 |
| Biomarkers | Children 11–18 years Yogurt tertiles (g/day) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC (0) | T1 (2–30) | T2 (31–60) | T3 (61–236) | P values | |||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
| Participants, n | 610 | 97 | 89 | 88 | |||
| Height, cm | 164.6 ± 10.8 | 160.9 ± 10.2 | 164.0 ± 11.6 | 161.4 ± 12.6 | 0.005 | 0.033 | 0.035 |
| Weight, kg | 60.2 ± 15.3 | 57.3 ± 16.9 | 58.6 ± 15.3 | 56.9 ± 16.1 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.0 ± 4.4 | 21.9 ± 5.3 | 21.6 ± 4.3 | 21.5 ± 4.2 | 0.59 | 0.95 | 0.84 |
| Waist, cm | 76.9 ± 11.1 | 74.1 ± 11.8 | 75.5 ± 11.2 | 75.0 ± 10.7 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.28 |
| Hip, cm | 94.8 ± 10.2 | 92.0 ± 11.0 | 94.1 ± 9.6* | 92.3 ± 10.8 | 0.10 | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Waist:hip ratio | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.54 | 0.37 | 0.67 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 113.4 ± 11.3 | 109.7 ± 9.7 | 112.5 ± 10.6 | 114.8 ± 10.3 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.13 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 63.6 ± 8.5 | 63.2 ± 7.6 | 63.7 ± 8.7 | 63.7 ± 7.7 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| PP, mm Hg | 74.3 ± 10.6 | 76.1 ± 11.6 | 74.9 ± 11.0 | 73.5 ± 9.7 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.70 |
| Serum cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.15 |
| Serum HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0.93 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Serum LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.18 |
| HDL ratio | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 0.17 | 0.30 | 0.41 |
| Serum TAG, mmol/L | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.52 | 0.82 | 0.98 |
| Serum CRP, mg/L | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.60 |
| Plasma HbA1c, % | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 0.3* | 0.026 | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Plasma glucose, mmol/L | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.4 | 0.55 | 0.26 | 0.45 |
Values are mean ± SEMs For children aged 4–10 years there were no data on waist, hip and waist:hip ratio
CRP C-reactive protein, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, HDL-C, NDNS national diet and nutrition survey, NC non-consumer, N/A not available, PP pulse pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure, TAGs Triacylglycerols, T tertile
*Values are significantly different from non-consumers in model 3 (P < 0.05; Bonferroni post hoc test)
aBased on differences across non-consumers and tertiles of yogurt intake by ANCOVA
bNon-adjusted
cAdjusted for age, sex, BMI and total energy intake (kJ/d)
dAdditional adjustment for HEI-2010 score