Table 1.
Summary of studies assessing percutaneous microwave ablation in localized cT1 primary renal cell carcinoma with > 50 cases
| Study | Design | Level of evidencea | Technique | Number of cases | Charlson Comorbidity Index | Tumor size mean (cm) | Complications | Follow-up (months) median | Renal function decrease (%) | Residual disease (%) | Local recurrence (%) | Metastasis (%) | DFS (%) | OS (%) | CSS (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li [7] | Prospective | 3 | US guided, general anesthesia | 83 | NR | 3.2 ( ± 1.6) | No severe complications | 26(3–74) CEUS and CT/MRI | NR | 18.3% CEUS and CT/MRI and pathology proven | 8.4% CT/MRI, CEUS and pathology proven | NR | NR | 96.4% | NR |
| Moreland [8] | Retrospective | 3 | US and CT guided, general anesthesia | 53 | 3 (median) | 2.6 (0.8–4.0) | 11.3% | 8(6–9) CT/MRI | 1,1% | No residual CT/MRI | No local recurrence CT/MRI | No metastasis | NR | NR | NR |
| Yu [9] | Retrospective | 3 | US guided, moderate sedation | 105 | 32% CCI > 2 | 2.7 (0.6–4.0) | 3.2% | 25.8(3.7–75.2) CEUS/CT/MRI | 3.2% | 13.3% CEUS/CT/MRI | 0.95% CT | 2.9% | 97% (5 years) | 82.6% (5 years) | 97% (5 years) |
| Dong [10] | Retrospective | 3 | US guided, general anesthesia | 105 | NR | 2.9 (0.6–6) | 24.8% | 25 (1.13–93.23) CEUS and CT/MRI | 8.4% | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Ierardi [11] | Retrospective | 3 | CEUS, CT guided or US guided | 58 | NR | 2.36 ± 0.93 | 8.6% | 25.7 (3–72)CT | NR | 7% CT |
15.7% | NR | 87.9% (5 years) | 80.6% (5 years) | 96.5% |
| Chan [12] | Retrospective | 3 | CT guided, general anesthesia | 84 | NR | 2.5 | 4.8% | 24 CT | 7% | 8% CT | 3.8% | 2.4% | 95% (2 years) | 97% (2 years) | NR |
| Klapperich [13] | Retrospective | 3 | CT-guided, general anesthesia | 96 | 3.6 ± 1.5 (mean) | 2.6 (1.2–4) | 11% | 15 (6–20) CT/MRI | 3.3% | No residual CT/MRI | 1% Pathology proven | No metastasis | NR | 91% (3 years) | 100% (3 years) |
Residual tumor is defined as unablated residual tumor at initial follow-up imaging
Recurrence is defined as the appearance of tumor at the edge or in the ablation zone
DFS disease-free survival, OS overall survival, CSS cancer-specific survival, NR not reported. CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index
aLevel of evidence Oxford 2011 [14]