Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics and odds of overweight and obesity among Lebanese children 2–5 years old (n = 525)
| Variablesa | Normal n = 477 | Overweight/obesity n = 48 | aOR b (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child’s age (years) | 3.32 ± 0.88 | 3.39 ± 0.74 | 0.84 (0.54–1.31) |
| Child’s sex | |||
| Male | 255 (53.5) | 26 (54.2) | 1 |
| Female | 222 (46.5) | 22 (45.8) | 1.24 (0.60–2.60) |
| Mother’s BMI (kg/m2)c | 26.59 ± 5.17 | 17.86 ± 5.27 | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) |
| Mother’s age | 32.69 ± 5.92 | 33.73 ± 6.44 | 1.04 (0.97–1.10) |
| Mother’s education level | |||
| Primary or less | 98 (20.5) | 3 (6.3) | 1 |
| Up to high school | 292 (61.2) | 31 (64.9) | 1.35 (0.31–5.9) |
| University | 87 (18.2) | 14 (29.2) | 1.18 (0.21–6.61) |
| Marital status of the mother | |||
| Not married | 9 (1.9) | 2 (4.2) | 1 |
| Married | 468 (98.1) | 46 (95.8) | 0.28 (0.01–6.12) |
| Mother’s employment status | |||
| Housewife | 409 (85.7) | 38 (79.2) | 1 |
| Employed | 68 (14.3) | 10 (20.8) | 0.53 (0.19–1.50) |
| Father’s education | |||
| Primary or less | 114 (24.3) | 2 (4.3) | 1 |
| Intermediate, high school or technical diploma | 290 (61.8) | 34 (72.3) | 3.79 (0.76–18.84) |
| University | 65 (13.9) | 11 (23.4) | 6.01 (1.02–36.15) |
| Father’s employment | |||
| Unemployed | 31 (6.5) | 4 (8.3) | 1 |
| Employed | 446 (93.5) | 44 (91.7) | 0.41 (0.09–1.77) |
| Presence of a helper at the household | |||
| No | 406 (85.7) | 33 (68.8) | 1 |
| Yes | 68 (14.3) | 15 (31.3) | 2.77 (1.13–6.76) |
| Type of school attended by the child | |||
| Public | 102 (27.1) | 4 (10.0) | 1 |
| Private | 274 (72.9) | 36 (90.0) | 3.47 (0.89–13.48) |
| Breakfast consumptiond | 6.76 ± 1.68 | 6.69 ± 1.19 | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) |
| Snack consumptiond | 4.62 ± 5.59f | 6.81 ± 8.97g | 1.14 (0.96–1.30) |
| Eating same meal with the familyd | 10.93 ± 6.29f | 8.99 ± 5.57g | 0.93 (0.87–0.98) |
| Eating any meal at TVd | 8.05 ± 7.75f | 10.64 ± 10.86g | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) |
| Eating outd | 1.68 ± 1.75 | 1.59 ± 1.61 | 1.04 (0.83–1.29) |
Bold values indicate significant at p < 0.05
aCategorical variables are expressed as n(%), continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD
baOR were derived from a multiple logistic regression analysis where all variables presented in the table were included in the model, bolded numbers are significant at p < 0.05
cThe number of mothers included in this variable is 483, after exclusion of pregnant women (n = 42)
dFrequency per week
f,gDifferent superscripts indicate significant difference based on t test analysis