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. 2019 Mar 19;9:4877. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41257-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Paleoelevation results compared to published paleoelevation estimates and ancillary geological data. (A) Locations for this and previous studies; for the latter only absolute elevation estimates are included. Results reveal variable surface uplift records consistent with previous studies for the (B) central Western Cordillera (15°S–15.5°S), (C) southern Western Cordillera (15.5°S–17°S), (D) Altiplano, and (E) Eastern Cordillera. Paleoelevations were calculated based on the thermodynamic lapse rate⁴³ and incorporate a climate correction that accounts for Oligocene – Pleistocene global cooling. Youngest low elevation age for Kar et al.⁴⁸ calculated assuming a linear sedimentation rate for the Descanso Formation. Shaded horizontal colored bars in parts B-E are ±1σ standard deviation of modern elevation.