Figure 5.

Memory deficit of rats with the amyloid-β infusion. OVX-control: the OVX rats consumed 0.5% dextrin; Positive-control: the OVX rats consumed conjugated equine estrogen 150 μg/kg bw + 0.5% dextrin; Normal-control: the sham rats consumed 0.5% dextrin; OJa1: the OVX rats consumed a 0.5% extract of SCB, ACB, MAL, and BPV (1:1:1:1, based on weights); and OJa2: OVX rats consumed 0.5% extract of SCB, PAL, COL and LCM (1:1:1:1, based on weights). The percentage of the consecutive alternations in the Y maze (a), latency time to enter the dark room in 3 trials in passive avoidance test (b) and the latency to locate zone with the platform during the water maze test and the period to stay in the platform zone on day 5 during the water maze test (c) were provided. Hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression and protein levels and acetylcholinesterase levels, which affect memory function, were determined (d). Hippocampal contents of triglyceride and glycogen involved in brain function were measured (e). BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Each bar represents the mean ± SD (n=12).

*Significantly different among the groups at each time point by one-way ANOVA at P<0.05.

** at P<0.01.

^a,b,cBars with different letters were significantly different among the groups by Tukey test at P<0.05.