Table I.
Baseline characteristics according to weight decrease < 2 kg vs. ≥ 2 kg in subjects treated with acarbose
| Parameter | Weight decreased < 2 kg (N = 145) | Weight decreased ≥ 2 kg (N = 192) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics: | |||
| Gender: | 0.041* | ||
| Male | 96 (47.52%) | 106 (52.48%) | |
| Female | 49 (36.3%) | 86 (63.7%) | |
| Age [years] | 50 (43–55) | 51 (44–57.5) | 0.161 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 25.24 (23.44–26.58) | 26.23 (24.63–28.08) | 0.001* |
| Waist circumference [cm] | 89.33 ±8.53 | 89.63 ±8.07 | 0.749 |
| 1-day energy intake from carbohydrates [cal] | 220.25 (185.61–268.7) | 215.05 (166.65–267.18) | 0.23 |
| 1-day energy intake from non-carbohydrates [cal] | 107.57 (81.57–137.57) | 103.85 (73.02–127.56) | 0.091 |
| Clinical characteristics: | |||
| Systolic blood pressure [mm Hg] | 122 (115–130) | 125 (120–131.5) | 0.132 |
| Diastolic blood pressure [mm Hg] | 78.63 ±8.14 | 80.45 ±8.08 | 0.043* |
| Total cholesterol [mmol/l] | 5.12 (4.38–5.76) | 5.18 (4.57–5.99) | 0.355 |
| LDL cholesterol [mmol/l] | 3 (2.51–3.55) | 3.1 (2.5–3.57) | 0.722 |
| HDL cholesterol [mmol/l] | 1.2 (1–1.42) | 1.18 (1.05–1.39) | 0.813 |
| Triglycerides [mmol/l] | 1.77 (1.26–2.52) | 1.84 (1.2–2.7) | 0.877 |
| Glycemic characteristics: | |||
| HbA1c (%): | |||
| Baseline | 7.5 (6.8–8.3) | 7.1 (6.5–7.9) | 0.001* |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –1 (–1.8– –0.2) | –1 (–1.6– –0.4) | 0.715 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –0.8 (–1.5– –0.2) | –1 (–1.7– –0.3) | 0.081 |
| FPG [mmol/l]: | |||
| Baseline | 8.7 (7.85–9.9) | 8.6 (7.65–9.75) | 0.357 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –1.65 (–2.6– –0.75) | –1.8 (–3.05– –0.93) | 0.032* |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –1.5 (–2.25– –0.55) | –2.18 (–3.1– –1.13) | < 0.001* |
| 2h-PPG [mmol/l]: | |||
| Baseline | 12.74 ±2.78 | 12.36 ±2.8 | 0.22 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –2.51 ±3.03 | –3.43 ±2.8 | 0.004* |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –2.31 ±3.2 | –3.59 ±3.05 | < 0.001* |
| Insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1 characteristics: | |||
| HOMA-B: | |||
| Baseline | 47.1 (29.16–74.3) | 48.19 (28.86–76.2) | 0.996 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | 4.33 (–24.08–23.52) | 3.65 (–19.55–29.58) | 0.493 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –3.05 (–24.35–19.85) | 0.05 (–18.91–26.28) | 0.358 |
| HOMA-IR: | |||
| Baseline | 3.79 (2.49–6.06) | 3.84 (2.44–6.13) | 0.864 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –1.07 (–3.02–0.75) | –1.5 (–3.72– –0.15) | 0.069 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –1.19 (–3.5–0.28) | –1.69 (–4– –0.39) | 0.028* |
| Early insulin secretion index: | |||
| Baseline | 2.33 (0.8–4.23) | 2.62 (1.21–4.8) | 0.096 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | 1.04 (–2.12–3.94) | 0.89 (–2.52–3.77) | 0.495 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | 0.39 (–2.78–3.49) | 0.54 (–2.52–4.21) | 0.889 |
| Whole body insulin sensitivity index: | |||
| Baseline | 4.1 (2.86–5.56) | 3.78 (2.57–5.89) | 0.438 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | 1.77 (–0.14–4.53) | 3.33 (0.81–6.48) | 0.001* |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | 1.96 (–0.09–4.01) | 3.94 (1.33–7.11) | < 0.001* |
| AUC for serum insulin [μIU/ml × min]: | |||
| Baseline | 4109.55 (3014.4–5676.15) | 4653.3 (3347.55–6527.7) | 0.092 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –790.35 (–1875–385.2) | –1253.25 (–2661–202.35) | 0.093 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –371.1 (–1634.4–756.3) | –1448.78 (–3199.28– –121.05) | < 0.001* |
| AUC for glucagon [pg/ml × min] | |||
| Baseline | 11873.85 (9289.5–15032.25) | 12447.75 (10174.05–17038.5) | 0.06 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –461.7 (–4019.4–3575.55) | –1209.45 (–5413.2–3302.85) | 0.211 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –1493.48 (–5351.63–2853.23) | –2677.35 (–6003.75–1195.5) | 0.072 |
| AUC for plasma GLP-1 [pmol × min]: | |||
| Baseline | 3032.33 (1845.53–4829.4) | 2490.23 (1643.78–4181.78) | 0.05 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | 897.15 (–836.7–2640.9) | 1188.45 (–300.3–2760.6) | 0.14 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | 787.95 (–723.15–2745.3) | 1443 (–180–2620.05) | 0.247 |
FPG – fasting plasma glucose, 2h-PPG – 2 h postprandial glucose.
*
P < 0.05, significant differences between weight decreased < 2 kg vs. ≥ 2 kg.