Table II.
Baseline characteristics according to weight decrease < 2 kg vs. ≥ 2 kg in subjects treated with metformin
| Parameter | Weight decreased < 2 kg (N = 144) | Weight decreased ≥ 2 kg (N = 183) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics: | |||
| Gender: | 0.176 | ||
| Male | 94 (47%) | 106 (53%) | |
| Female | 50 (39.37%) | 77 (60.63%) | |
| Age [years] | 49 (41–56.5) | 52 (44–57) | 0.099 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 25.21 (23.61–26.79) | 26.08 (24.21–28.39) | 0.002* |
| Waist circumference [cm] | 89.3 ±8.33 | 89.96 ±8.2 | 0.473 |
| 1-day energy intake from carbohydrates [cal] | 210.07 (167.89–257.83) | 219.09 (162.14–264.7) | 0.772 |
| 1-day energy intake from non-carbohydrates [cal] | 105.57 (75.79–137.59) | 99.15 (74.65–130.44) | 0.384 |
| Clinical characteristics: | |||
| Systolic blood pressure [mm Hg] | 120 (118–130) | 125 (120–135) | 0.098 |
| Diastolic blood pressure [mm Hg] | 78.88 ±7.54 | 81.33 ±7.1 | 0.003* |
| Total cholesterol [mmol/l] | 5.12 (4.31–5.93) | 5.13 (4.43–5.88) | 0.96 |
| LDL cholesterol [mmol/l] | 2.97 (2.41–3.65) | 2.95 (2.42–3.58) | 0.872 |
| HDL cholesterol [mmol/l] | 1.18 (1–1.36) | 1.18 (1.03–1.38) | 0.893 |
| Triglycerides [mmol/l] | 1.98 (1.39–2.83) | 1.99 (1.38–2.76) | 0.844 |
| Glycemic characteristics: | |||
| HbA1c (%): | |||
| Baseline | 7.7 (6.85–8.7) | 7.3 (6.7–7.9) | 0.003* |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –1.1 (–2– –0.5) | –1.1 (–1.7– –0.5) | 0.521 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –0.8 (–1.9– –0.2) | –1 (–1.7– –0.5) | 0.424 |
| FPG [mmol/l]: | |||
| Baseline | 8.75 (7.88–9.98) | 8.65 (7.95–9.65) | 0.627 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –1.9 (–2.7– –1.2) | –2.1 (–3.05– –1.3) | 0.213 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –1.73 (–2.88– –0.98) | –2.35 (–3.25– –1.15) | 0.033* |
| 2h-PPG: | |||
| Baseline | 13.01 (10.74–15.1) | 12.26 (10–14.63) | 0.04* |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –2.55 (–4.47–0.1) | –2.75 (–4.6– –1) | 0.324 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –1.91 (–4.39–0.2) | –2.58 (–4.82– –0.57) | 0.124 |
| Insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1 characteristics: | |||
| HOMA-B: | |||
| Baseline | 45.2 (27.42–68.19) | 57.61 (35.67–79.82) | 0.007* |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | 10.77 (–5.88–29.24) | 2.15 (–19.35–31.78) | 0.120 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | 6.35 (–10.47–28.97) | –3.02 (–28.64–27.45) | 0.048* |
| HOMA-IR: | |||
| Baseline | 4.41 (2.64–6.4) | 4.42 (2.71–6.79) | 0.512 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –1.46 (–3.31– –0.05) | –1.99 (–3.66– –0.49) | 0.123 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –1.48 (–3.25–0.18) | –2.21 (–4.71– –0.91) | 0.004* |
| Early insulin secretion index: | |||
| Baseline | 2.56 (1–3.96) | 2.52 (1.1–4.64) | 0.732 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | 0.69 (–2.37–3.25) | 1.87 (–1.19–4.66) | 0.059 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | 0.41 (–2.36–2.37) | 1.22 (–1.08–3.26) | 0.017* |
| Whole body insulin sensitivity index: | |||
| Baseline | 3.79 (2.63–5.53) | 3.34 (2.47–5.41) | 0.406 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | 1.89 (0.16–4.89) | 2.24 (0.95–5.7) | 0.047* |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | 1.8 (–0.12–3.79) | 2.98 (1.24–6.25) | < 0.001* |
| AUC for serum insulin [μIU/ml × min] | |||
| Baseline | 4154.48 (2994.75–6009) | 4708.95 (3286.65–6520.65) | 0.171 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | –106.2 (–1377.45–1030.65) | –451.95 (–2229.45–696.45) | 0.080 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –499.2 (–1588.2–1320.45) | –584.85 (–2296.35–696) | 0.110 |
| AUC for glucagon [pg/ml × min]: | |||
| Baseline | 12689.03 (9594.15–17729.25) | 12507.6 (9700.95–15334.5) | 0.201 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | 35.03 (–4197.15–5356.65) | –350.1 (–4138.05–3260.7) | 0.524 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | –1823.7 (–5935.5–2001.9) | –2461.65 (–5740.8–1197.6) | 0.390 |
| AUC for plasma GLP-1 [pmol × min]: | |||
| Baseline | 2878.2 (1748.1–4873.2) | 2773.05 (1702.2–4896.45) | 0.896 |
| Difference between 24 weeks and baseline | 1131 (–143.4–2738.85) | 1115.4 (–877.05–2763.45) | 0.553 |
| Difference between 48 weeks and baseline | 1448.55 (–550.58–2825.48) | 1252.05 (–411.45–3047.1) | 0.928 |
FPG – fasting plasma glucose, 2h-PPG – 2 h postprandial glucose.
*
P < 0.05, significant differences between weight decreased < 2 kg vs. ≥ 2 kg.