Table III.
Comparison among patients with different number of spider nevi
| Variables | With 1–2 spider nevi of chest/abdominal wall | With 3–4 spider nevi of chest/abdominal wall | With ≥ 5 spider nevi of chest/abdominal wall | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean ± SD or Frequency (percentage) | Median (range) | N | Mean ± SD or Frequency (percentage) | Median (range) | N | Mean ± SD orFrequency (percentage) | Median (range) | ||
| Sex (male/female), n (%) | 46 | 28 (60.87)/18 (39.13) | 20 | 15 (75.00)/5 (25.00) | 27 | 25 (92.59)/2 (7.41) | 0.013 | |||
| Age [years] | 46 | 56.43 ±11.52 | 56.62 (27.08–82.34) | 20 | 52.48 ±7.91 | 53.28 (32.45–66.89) | 27 | 51.63 ±7.93 | 35.71 (35.74–69.03) | 0.098 |
| Etiology of liver diseases, n (%): | 27 | |||||||||
| Hepatitis B virus infection | 46 | 13 (28.26) | 20 | 7 (35.00) | 27 | 5 (18.52) | 0.125 | |||
| Hepatitis C virus infection | 46 | 4 (8.70) | 20 | 1 (5.00) | 27 | 0 (0.00) | 0.371 | |||
| Alcohol abuse | 46 | 19 (41.30) | 20 | 10 (50.00) | 27 | 22 (81.48) | 0.004 | |||
| Drug-induced liver injury | 46 | 2 (4.35) | 20 | 0 (0.00) | 27 | 1 (3.70) | 0.647 | |||
| Autoimmune liver disease | 46 | 2 (4.35) | 20 | 2 (10.00) | 27 | 0 (0.00) | 0.248 | |||
| Previous gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 46 | 22 (47.83) | 20 | 8 (40.00) | 27 | 12 (44.44) | 0.838 | |||
| Hepatic encephalopathy at admission, n (%) | 46 | 5 (10.87) | 20 | 2 (10.00) | 27 | 4 (14.81) | 0.846 | |||
| Gastrointestinal bleeding at admission, n (%) | 46 | 24 (52.17) | 20 | 9 (45.00) | 27 | 10 (37.04) | 0.453 | |||
| Jaundice at admission, n (%) | 46 | 10 (21.74) | 20 | 3 (15.00) | 27 | 7 (25.93) | 0.665 | |||
| Ascites at admission (no/mild/moderate-severe), n (%) | 46 | 15 (32.61)/7 (15.22)/24 (52.17) | 20 | 6 (30.00)/4 (20.00)/10 (50.00) | 27 | 10 (37.03)/6 (22.22)/11 (40.74) | 0.885 | |||
| Subcutaneous collateral vessel of chest/abdominal wall, n (%): | 46 | 13 (28.26)/33 (71.74) | 20 | 10 (50.00)/10 (50.00) | 27 | 12 (44.44)/15 (55.56) | 0.169 | |||
| Location (chest alone/abdomen alone/both chest and abdomen) | 13 | 0 (0.00)/7 (53.85)/6 (46.15) | 10 | 2 (20.00)/4 (40.00)/4 (40.00) | 12 | 3 (25.00)/6 (50.00)/3 (25.00) | 0.398 | |||
| Laboratory tests: | ||||||||||
| Red blood cells [× 1012/l] | 46 | 3.18 ±0.86 | 3.05 (1.69–5.06) | 20 | 3.32 ±0.81 | 3.18 (2.09–4.81) | 27 | 3.15 ±0.80 | 3.13 (1.74–5.02) | 0.755 |
| Hemoglobin [g/l] | 46 | 91.91 ±26.75 | 83.50 (54.00–149.00) | 20 | 102.80 ±32.74 | 100.00 (47.00–151.00) | 27 | 103.44 ±25.08 | 101.00 (52.00–170.00) | 0.152 |
| White blood cells [× 109/l] | 46 | 5.54 ±3.15 | 4.45 (1.70–14.50) | 20 | 4.78 ±1.28 | 4.70 (2.30–6.70) | 27 | 5.18 ±3.06 | 4.30 (1.80–16.00) | 0.588 |
| Platelets [× 109/l] | 46 | 93.67 ±56.56 | 74.00 (29.00–282.00) | 20 | 112.40 ±67.45 | 95.50 (36.00–282.00) | 27 | 86.26 ±49.67 | 84.00 (19.00–192.00) | 0.290 |
| Alanine aminotransferase [U/l] | 45 | 46.16 ±70.77 | 25.85 (13.42–466.75) | 20 | 61.61 ±125.73 | 29.87 (6.24–590.00) | 27 | 43.15 ±31.60 | 41.89 (12.54–170.79) | 0.697 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase [U/l] | 45 | 72.22 ±108.88 | 39.85 (18.16–719.84) | 20 | 82.24 ±136.02 | 47.47 (13.54–645.00) | 27 | 83.53 ±51.22 | 72.00 (15.35–166.49) | 0.881 |
| Alkaline phosphatase [U/l] | 45 | 121.17 ±107.03 | 94.64 (39.17–649.21) | 20 | 145.25 ±98.69 | 116.00 (47.00–444.88) | 27 | 137.75 ±69.28 | 118.46 (33.00–386.00) | 0.593 |
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [U/l] | 45 | 117.82 ±191.67 | 60.66 (9.00–929.28) | 20 | 191.77 ±266.82 | 67.74 (10.00–981.00) | 27 | 184.33 ±168.48 | 94.00 (12.18–552.26) | 0.265 |
| Total bilirubin [µmol/l] | 45 | 47.24 ±59.91 | 26.00 (7.70–316.90) | 20 | 35.63 ±30.14 | 27.55 (8.80–138.00) | 27 | 58.86 ±74.70 | 37.50 (6.40–319.90) | 0.422 |
| Prothrombin time [s] | 46 | 17.07 ±3.82 | 15.85 (11.70–31.60) | 20 | 16.40 ±3.52 | 15.80 (12.30–28.90) | 27 | 17.23 ±3.10 | 15.90 (13.00–25.20) | 0.703 |
| International normalized ratio | 45 | 1.44 ±0.43 | 1.30 (0.89–3.03) | 20 | 1.37 ±0.41 | 1.28 (0.93–2.89) | 27 | 1.45 ±0.35 | 1.31 (0.97–2.36) | 0.720 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time [s] | 46 | 40.90 ±6.33 | 40.30 (29.40–54.50) | 20 | 40.16 ±5.15 | 38.50 (32.70–52.80) | 27 | 43.29 ±6.07 | 43.10 (34.30–54.50) | 0.154 |
| Albumin [g/l] | 46 | 29.72 ±7.03 | 29.15 (17.80–47.20) | 19 | 31.22 ±5.86 | 30.10 (19.80–42.40) | 27 | 29.10 ±7.48 | 29.30 (16.10–43.40) | 0.587 |
| Serum sodium [mmol/l] | 46 | 137.05 ±3.57 | 137.20 (129.80–144.60) | 19 | 137.54 ±3.86 | 138.40 (128.00–143.40) | 27 | 135.43 ±5.13 | 137.50 (120.70–141.20) | 0.168 |
| Serum potassium [mmol/l] | 46 | 3.90 ±0.41 | 3.88 (3.01–4.85) | 19 | 3.89 ±0.48 | 3.81 (2.73–4.66) | 27 | 3.91 ±0.50 | 3.94 (2.96–4.88) | 0.990 |
| Blood urea nitrogen [mmol/l] | 46 | 7.85 ±5.67 | 6.13 (2.45–32.70) | 20 | 6.37 ±4.75 | 5.24 (2.24–25.59) | 27 | 7.50 ±8.96 | 4.86 (1.90–47.21) | 0.710 |
| Serum creatinine [µmol/l] | 45 | 75.74 ±48.06 | 64.55 (32.14–317.30) | 20 | 89.17 ±89.74 | 70.19 (44.00–463.47) | 27 | 87.01 ±93.83 | 64.20 (41.76–533.70) | 0.723 |
| Child-Pugh score | 45 | 8.40 ±2.26 | 8.00 (5.00–14.00) | 19 | 8.05 ±1.47 | 8.00 (5.00–10.00) | 27 | 8.48 ±2.53 | 8.00 (5.00–13.00) | 0.794 |
| Child-Pugh class A/B/C, n (%) | 45 | 8 (17.78)/26 (57.78)/11 (24.44) | 19 | 2 (10.53)/14 (73.68)/3 (15.79) | 27 | 7 (25.92)/10 (37.04)/10 (37.04) | 0.175 | |||
| MELD score | 44 | 9.52 ±6.44 | 8.89 (–1.42–22.78) | 20 | 9.41 ±6.41 | 8.15 (0.41–28.02) | 27 | 10.92 ±6.47 | 9.16 (–1.15 – 23.47) | 0.624 |
| In-hospital death, n (%) | 46 | 1 (2.17) | 20 | 0 (0.00) | 27 | 1 (3.70) | 0.688 | |||
| Overall death, n (%) | 46 | 9 (19.57) | 20 | 2 (10.00) | 27 | 2 (7.41) | 0.297 | |||
SD – standard deviation, MELD – model for end-stage liver disease.