Table V.
Comparison among patients with different location of subcutaneous collateral vessel of chest/abdominal wall
| Variables | Chest wall alone | Abdominal wall alone | Both | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean ± SD or Frequency (percentage) | Median (range) | N | Mean ± SD or Frequency (percentage) | Median (range) | N | Mean ± SD or Frequency (percentage) | Median (range) | ||
| Sex (male/female), n (%) | 10 | 5 (50.00)/5 (50.00) | 33 | 18 (54.55)/15 (45.45) | 16 | 14 (87.50)/2 (12.50) | 0.054 | |||
| Age [years] | 10 | 61.01 ±15.01 | 57.54 (45.17–88.10) | 33 | 59.15 ±11.69 | 62.23 (31.96–78.67) | 16 | 50.77 ±6.70 | 51.31 (39.61–62.71) | 0.034 |
| Etiology of liver diseases, n (%): | ||||||||||
| Hepatitis B virus infection | 10 | 3 (30.00) | 33 | 14 (42.42) | 16 | 1 (6.25) | 0.099 | |||
| Hepatitis C virus infection | 10 | 0 (0.00) | 33 | 1 (3.03) | 16 | 2 (12.50) | 0.266 | |||
| Alcohol abuse | 10 | 3 (30.00) | 33 | 12 (36.36) | 16 | 13 (81.25) | 0.006 | |||
| Drug-induced liver injury | 10 | 0 (0.00) | 33 | 1 (3.03) | 16 | 0 (0.00) | 0.670 | |||
| Autoimmune liver disease | 10 | 0 (0.00) | 33 | 2 (6.06) | 16 | 0 (0.00) | 0.442 | |||
| Previous gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 10 | 6 (60.00) | 33 | 13 (39.39) | 16 | 5 (31.25) | 0.340 | |||
| Hepatic encephalopathy at admission, n (%) | 10 | 0 (0.00) | 33 | 2 (6.06) | 16 | 2 (12.50) | 0.453 | |||
| Gastrointestinal bleeding at admission, n (%) | 10 | 4 (40.00) | 33 | 7 (21.21) | 16 | 8 (50.00) | 0.109 | |||
| Jaundice at admission, n (%) | 10 | 2 (20.00) | 33 | 8 (24.24) | 16 | 6 (37.50) | 0.531 | |||
| Ascites at admission (no/mild/moderate-severe), n (%) | 10 | 4 (40.00)/3 (30.00)/3 (30.00) | 33 | 8 (24.24)/5 (15.15)/20 (60.61) | 16 | 3 (18.75)/1 (6.25)/12 (75.00) | 0.237 | |||
| Spider nevus of chest/abdominal wall, n (%): | 10 | 5 (50.00) | 33 | 17 (51.52) | 16 | 13 (81.25) | 0.112 | |||
| Number (1–2/3–4/≥ 5) | 5 | 0 (0.00)/2 (40.00)/3 (60.00) | 17 | 7 (41.18)/4 (23.53)/6 (35.29) | 13 | 6 (46.15)/4 (30.77)/3 (23.08) | 0.398 | |||
| Location (chest alone/abdomen alone/both chest and abdomen) | 10 | 5 (50.00)/5 (50.00)/0 (0.00) | 33 | 16 (48.48)/16 (48.48)/1 (3.03) | 16 | 3 (18.75)/13 (81.25)/0 (0.00) | 0.238 | |||
| Laboratory tests: | ||||||||||
| Red blood cells [1012/l] | 10 | 3.35 ±0.99 | 3.42 (1.42–4.89) | 33 | 3.27 ±0.76 | 3.11 (2.09–5.02) | 16 | 2.75 ±0.58 | 2.73 (1.69–3.91) | 0.093 |
| Hemoglobin [g/l] | 10 | 97.10 ±29.35 | 100.50 (38.00–131.00) | 33 | 97.91 ±25.75 | 95.00 (55.00–170.00) | 16 | 83.69 ±23.25 | 84.5 (47.00–128.00) | 0.185 |
| White blood cells [× 109/l] | 10 | 3.42 ±1.26 | 3.40 (1.40–5.30) | 33 | 4.63 ±2.57 | 4.20 (1.70–14.00) | 16 | 7.34 ±4.28 | 5.75 (2.90–16.00) | 0.003 |
| Platelets [× 109/l] | 10 | 90.20 ±59.44 | 71.50 (34.00–228.00) | 33 | 82.24 ±42.91 | 73.00 (11.00–171.00) | 16 | 131.75 ±81.88 | 116.5 (22.00–282.00) | 0.025 |
| Alanine aminotransferase [U/l] | 10 | 51.33 ±45.86 | 44.26 (11.77–164.25) | 33 | 45.40 ±42.13 | 30.22 (6.24–192.51) | 16 | 32.78 ±17.41 | 27.57 (13.42–73.00) | 0.416 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase [U/l] | 10 | 76.34 ±59.34 | 64.72 (15.85–211.18) | 33 | 66.99 ±61.31 | 48.46 (13.54–300.70) | 16 | 73.11 ±48.67 | 64.78 (19.64–161.31) | 0.846 |
| Alkaline phosphatase [U/l] | 10 | 210.63 ±164.21 | 142.37 (49.82–542.00) | 33 | 156.70 ±145.44 | 114.00 (33.00–850.45) | 16 | 140.94 ±61.83 | 136.5 (45.00–282.00) | 0.410 |
| γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase [U/l] | 10 | 120.78 ±115.29 | 89.85 (19.22–399.94) | 33 | 92.31 ±92.99 | 47.00 (10.00–349.83) | 16 | 241.04 ±275.49 | 122 (11.00–929.28) | 0.017 |
| Total bilirubin [µmol/l] | 10 | 34.91 ±27.13 | 33.85 (7.90–97.30) | 33 | 52.94 ±64.98 | 24.40 (8.00–281.70) | 16 | 65.68 ±79.42 | 41.6 (10.50–319.90) | 0.432 |
| Prothrombin time [s] | 10 | 16.91 ±3.40 | 15.60 (13.40–25.20) | 33 | 17.01 ±3.90 | 15.70 (12.50–29.70) | 15 | 17.26 ±3.27 | 15.5 (12.80–22.50) | 0.967 |
| International normalized ratio | 10 | 1.42 ±0.38 | 1.28 (1.04–2.36) | 33 | 1.44 ±0.45 | 1.29 (0.95–3.00) | 15 | 1.47 ±0.37 | 1.26 (0.98–2.07) | 0.965 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time [s] | 10 | 43.67 ±7.35 | 42.60 (34.80–54.50) | 33 | 42.07 ±6.41 | 40.30 (29.50–56.10) | 16 | 42.57 ±4.72 | 42.9 (34.00–51.00) | 0.773 |
| Albumin [g/l] | 10 | 31.08 ±8.13 | 31.05 (17.20–41.70) | 33 | 30.82 ±6.51 | 31.00 (18.90–47.80) | 16 | 27.21 ±3.49 | 28.9 (19.90–31.00) | 0.136 |
| Serum sodium [mmol/l] | 10 | 138.08 ±3.59 | 139.85 (131.90–141.20) | 33 | 136.77 ±4.73 | 138.40 (120.70–142.10) | 15 | 134.29 ±4.86 | 134.7 (123.20–143.00) | 0.105 |
| Serum potassium [mmol/l] | 10 | 3.82 ±0.52 | 3.77 (2.90–4.44) | 33 | 3.88 ±0.45 | 3.88 (2.73–4.66) | 15 | 3.95 ±0.54 | 3.84 (3.01–4.88) | 0.789 |
| Blood urea nitrogen [mmol/l] | 10 | 6.46 ±3.52 | 5.10 (4.18–15.89) | 33 | 8.03 ±7.05 | 5.58 (2.35–30.40) | 16 | 8.55 ±7.34 | 7.16 (2.24–32.70) | 0.733 |
| Serum creatinine [µmol/l] | 10 | 83.97 ±47.27 | 69.20 (50.29–212.26) | 33 | 91.46 ±96.47 | 65.30 (35.05–463.47) | 16 | 82.96 ±45.59 | 72.75 (32.14–193.66) | 0.926 |
| Child-Pugh score | 10 | 7.80±1.99 | 8.00 (5.00–11.00) | 33 | 8.39 ±2.37 | 8.00 (5.00–13.00) | 15 | 9.47 ±1.73 | 9.00 (8.00–14.00) | 0.141 |
| Child-Pugh class A/B/C, n (%) | 10 | 4 (40.00)/4 (40.00)/2 (20.00) | 33 | 7 (21.21)/16 (48.49)/10 (30.30) | 15 | 0 (0.00)/9 (60.00)/6 (40.00) | 0.161 | |||
| MELD score | 10 | 10.06 ±3.84 | 8.78 (5.63–18.35) | 33 | 10.33 ±7.95 | 7.66 (–1.42–28.02) | 15 | 12.22 ±5.38 | 12.77 (0.62–20.41) | 0.633 |
| In-hospital death, n (%) | 10 | 0 (0.00) | 33 | 0 (0.00) | 16 | 1 (6.25) | 0.255 | |||
| Overall death, n (%) | 10 | 1 (10.00) | 33 | 8 (24.24) | 16 | 5 (31.25) | 0.462 | |||
SD – standard deviation, MELD – model for end-stage liver disease.