Table I.
Baseline characteristics of patients
| Quantitative parameters | Total (n = 10604) Median (IQR) | No PONV (n = 10015) Median (IQR) | PONV (n = 589) Median (IQR) | P-value OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 52 (29) | 53 (30) | 48 (28) | < 0.001 0.99 (0.98–0.99) |
| Weight [kg] | 75 (23) | 75 (23) | 73 (24) | 0.021 1.00 (0.99–1.00) |
| Height [cm] | 170 (14) | 170 (14) | 168 (12) | < 0.001 0.98 (0.98–0.99) |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 25.5 (6.5) | 25.5 (6.5) | 25.2 (7.6) | 0.865 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Haemoglobin preop. [g/dl] | 13.5 (2.4) | 13.5 (2.5) | 13.3 (1.9) | 0.155 0.98 (0.93–1.03) |
| Qualitative parameters | Total (n = 10604) % (n) | No PONV (n = 10015) % (n) | PONV (n = 589) % (n) | P-value OR (95% CI) |
| Age < 52 years (cutoff) | 48 (5124) | 48 (4775) | 59 (349) | < 0.001 1.60 (1.35–1.89) |
| BMI > 30 kg/m2 | 20 (2068) | 19 (1932) | 23 (136) | 0.019 1.27 (1.04–1.55) |
| Apfel score items: | ||||
| Gender male | 44 (4693) | 45 (4528) | 28 (165) | < 0.001 0.47 (0.39–0.57) |
| Non-smoking | 79 (8401) | 79 (7904) | 84 (497) | 0.002 1.44 (1.15–1.81) |
| History of PONV/motion sickness | 15 (1560) | 14 (1404) | 27 (156) | < 0.001 2.21 (1.83–2.68) |
| Post-op opioids | 38 (4035) | 37 (3658) | 64 (377) | < 0.001 3.09 (2.60–3.67) |
| Medical history: | ||||
| Art. hypertension | 33 (3489) | 33 (3315) | 30 (174) | 0.074 0.85 (0.71–1.02) |
| CAD or MI | 12 (1298) | 12 (1236) | 11 (62) | 0.191 0.84 (0.64–1.09) |
| CKD | 5 (515) | 5 (486) | 5 (29) | 0.938 1.02 (0.69–1.49) |
| Diabetes mellitus: | 9 (993) | 9 (945) | 8 (48) | 0.259 0.85 (0.63–1.15) |
| NIDDM | 5 (549) | 5 (516) | 6 (33) | |
| IDDM | 4 (444) | 4 (429) | 3 (15) | |
| Heart failure | 11 (1176) | 11 (1120) | 10 (56) | 0.208 0.83 (0.63–1.11) |
BMI – body mass index, CAD – coronary artery disease, MI – myocardial infarction, CKD – chronic kidney disease, NIDDM – non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM – insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. p-value: Mann-Whitney U test for the criterion present versus not present. OR – odds ratio (OR with respective 95% confidence interval (CI)) for PONV, comparing the criterion present versus not present.