Table 2.
Baseline factors associated with progression to prediabetes and diabetes.
| Variables | NGT to pre-DM | NGT to DM | Pre-DM to DM | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Female | 1.10 (0.90–1.36) | 0.353 | 0.65 (0.45–0.93) | 0.017 | 0.97 (0.73–1.30) | 0.847 |
| Age (years) | 0.232 | 0.368 | 0.363 | |||
| <50 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 50–60 | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | 0.090 | 1.22 (0.83–1.80) | 0.304 | 1.03 (0.73–1.45) | 0.872 |
| ≥60 | 1.09 (0.86–1.38) | 0.485 | 1.36 (0.89–2.08) | 0.151 | 1.24 (0.87–1.77) | 0.235 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.011 | 0.195 | 0.890 | |||
| <24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 24–28 | 1.18 (0.97–1.44) | 0.093 | 1.20 (0.84–1.72) | 0.317 | 1.04 (0.77–1.41) | 0.793 |
| ≥28 | 1.45 (1.14–1.85) | 0.003 | 1.51 (0·97–2.35) | 0.072 | 1.09 (0.77–1.53) | 0.629 |
| TC (mmol/L) | <0.001 | 0.045 | 0.601 | |||
| <5.18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 5.18–6.19 | 1.50 (1.24–1.83) | <0.001 | 1.25 (0.87–1.80) | 0.221 | 1.15 (0.85–1.54) | 0.369 |
| ≥6.19 | 1.50 (1.15–1.97) | 0.003 | 1.66 (1.05–2.61) | 0.029 | 0.99 (0.70–1.39) | 0.943 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.071 | 0.015 | 0.046 | |||
| <1.70 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 1.70–2.25 | 1.14 (0.85–1.53) | 0.388 | 1.38 (0.84–2.26) | 0.203 | 0.94 (0.62–1.40) | 0.745 |
| ≥2.25 | 1.40 (1.04–1.87) | 0.025 | 1.97 (1.23–3.16) | 0.005 | 1.36 (1.13–1.87) | 0.024 |
| SBP ≥ 140 mmHg | 1.26 (1.05–1.51) | 0.013 | 1.91 (1.39–2.64) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.03–1.75) | 0.029 |
| Positive FHD | 1.16 (0.59–2.30) | 0.666 | 0.78 (0.18–3.41) | 0.741 | 0.43 (0.14–1.30) | 0.136 |
| Drinking | 1.04 (0.82–1.31) | 0.776 | 0.99 (0.65–1.50) | 0.956 | 0.79 (0.55–1.11) | 0.175 |
| Smoking | 1.04 (0.78–1.39) | 0.807 | 1.18 (0.73–1.90) | 0.503 | 1.43 (0.95–2.15) | 0.089 |
| Physical inactive | 1.04 (0.88–1.24) | 0.639 | 1.16 (0.84–1.59) | 0.366 | 1.12 (0.86–1.45) | 0.410 |
| FPG (mmol/L)∗ | 1.62 (1.28–2.06) | <0.001 | 1.78 (1.13–2.76) | 0.012 | — | — |
| Categories of pre-DM | 0.009 | |||||
| i-IGT | — | — | — | — | 1 | |
| i-IFG | — | — | — | — | 1.41 (1.05–1.90) | 0.022 |
| IFG-IGT | — | — | — | — | 1.63 (1.17–2.29) | 0.004 |
∗Included in the model as a continuous variable. OR (95% CI): odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals calculated in the multivariate logistic model. Variables in the model: sex, age, family history of diabetes, smoking, drinking, physical inactive, SBP, BMI, TC, TG, FPG (for individuals with NGT at Baseline), or categories of pre-DM (for individuals with pre-DM at Baseline). NGT: normal glucose tolerance; Pre-DM: prediabetes; DM: diabetes mellitus; BMI: body mass index; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; SBP: systolic blood pressure; FHD: family history of diabetes; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; i-IGT: isolated impaired glucose tolerance; i-IFG: isolated impaired fasting glucose; IFG-IGT: combined status of IFG and IGT.