Table 2.

Possible multicomponent interaction in an herb.

HRC1	HRC2/Herb	Monitoring indexes	Pharmacokinetic parameters of indexes compared to administration HRC1 alone									Ref.
			AUC0-t	AUC0-∞	t1/2	Tmax	Cmax	MRT0-∞	MRT0-t	Vd	CL
Osthole	Libanotis buchtormensis	Osthole	↓		↑	↓	↓				↑	[55]
Epimedin C	Herba Epimedii	Epimedin C	↓			↓	↓			↑	↑	[56]
Tectoridin	Iris tectorum	Tectoridin	↑	↑	↑		↑				↑	[57]
Emodin	Stilbene glucoside of Radix Polygoni Multiflori	Emodin	↑	↑	↑		↑		↑	↑	↓	[12]
		Emodin glucuronide	↓	↓	↑		↓		↑	↑
Magnoflorine	Cortex Phellodendri	Magnoflorine	↑	↑	↑	↑		↑	↑		↓	[11]
	Berberine	Magnoflorine	↑	↑			↑				↓
Flavonoid fraction of Abelmoschus manihot	Macromolecular fraction of Abelmoschus manihot	Rutin				↑
		Isoquercitrin			↓	↑	↑
		Hibifolin				↑
		Quercetin-3'-O-glucose				↑
		Quercetin			↓	↑
	Small molecule fraction of Abelmoschus manihot	Rutin	↑		↑		↑					[58]
		Hyperiode	↑
		Isoquercitrin	↑
		Hibifolin	↑			↑
		Myricetin	↑			↑	↑
		Quercetin-3'-O-glucose	↑				↑
		Quercetin			↓
	Macromolecular and Small molecule fraction of Abelmoschus manihot	Rutin	↑
		Hyperiode	↑		↑	↑
		Isoquercitrin	↑			↑
		Hibifolin				↑						[58]
		Myricetin				↑
		Quercetin-3'-O-glucose	↑			↑
		Quercetin	↑		↓
Ginkgo flavonoids	Ginkgo biloba	Apigenin	↑			↓	↑		↓	↓	↓
		Luteolin	↑			↑	↑		↑	↓	↓
		Naringenin	↑			↑			↓		↓
		Quercetin			↑	↑	↑		↑	↑	↓	[59]
		Diosmetin	↑			↑	↑			↓	↓
		Kaempferol	↑				↑		↑		↓
		Isorhamnetin	↑				↑			↓	↓
Sinomenine	Sinomenium acutum	Sinomenine	↓	↓			↓			↑	↑	[60]