Bmal1 KO in GnRH or Kiss1 neurons does not affect pubertal onset or estrous cycling. (A) Age (d) and (B) weight (g) of vaginal opening in Bmal1fl/fl, GnRH-Bmal1−/−, and Kiss-Bmal1−/− female mice (n = 3 to 6; one-way ANOVA not significant). (C) Percentage of time spent in each stage during 25 consecutive days of vaginal cytology (n = 7 to 13, two-way ANOVA significant for effect of stage; F2,51 = 52.15, P < 0.0001). (D) Average cycle length across 25 consecutive days of vaginal cytology (n = 7 to 13; one-way ANOVA not significant). (E) Number of Graafian follicles per section observed in ovaries in light/dark (LD) and constant darkness (DD) conditions (n = 2 to 15, two-way ANOVA significant for effect of lighting; F1,24 = 24.42, P < 0.0001; Sidak post hoc multiple comparisons test). (F) Number of corpora lutea observed per section in LD and DD conditions (n = 2 to 15; two-way ANOVA not significant). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.