Fig. 6.

Galantamine reduces renal cortical proinflammatory mediators in female SLE mice. A and B: Western blotting for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. C: high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB-1). D: B cell activating factor (BAFF). E: IL-1β in the renal cortex. Renal cortical TNF-α (at 26 kDa, the transmembrane form) and TNF-α (at 51 kDa, the trimeric form) were elevated in vehicle-treated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mice compared with controls, and galantamine markedly attenuated its expression. Renal cortical HMGB-1 and IL-1β were also increased in vehicle-treated SLE mice compared with controls; however, galantamine did not significantly alter expression. Statistical comparisons were determined using a two-way ANOVA. P values and accompanying symbols were determined using the results of Holm-Sidak post hoc analysis. (n = 5–7/group; *P vs. control/vehicle; ⁺P vs. SLE/vehicle).