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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Nov 29;103(4):922–934. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.11.016

Table E.

Reprogramming vectors

Approach Strengths Limitations
Integrative virus Easy to make. Viral transduction efficiency. Random integration can lead to gene disruption and tumorigenesis. Recombination can result in infectious virus. Mosaic protein expression.
DNA-based vectors (e.g. episomes) Cytoplasmic location reduces probability of integration Any DNA-based vector can possibly lead to random integration and tumorigenesis
Non-integrating RNA virus (e.g. Sendai virus) No genomic integration can occur. Viral transduction efficiency. Making a virus with controllable infection is difficult and the technique has not been proven to be 100% effective. Mosaic protein expression
Self replicating mRNA No genomic integration can occur. No infectious particles are generated. Footprint free. Equimolar expression of many proteins possible. Presence of the vector can be easily controlled with B18R. Transfection of mRNA is less efficient than transduction. Interferon response must be mitigated.