Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the clinical trial population by randomization groups
| Control group (n = 337) | Intervention group (n = 360) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 32.54±5.29 | 32.92±4.92 | 0.331 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 226 (67.1) | 244 (67.8) | |
| Hispanic | 98 (29.1) | 109 (30.3) | |
| Others | 13 (3.9) | 7 (1.9) | 0.215 |
| Family history of | |||
| Type 2 diabetes | 19 (5.7) | 10 (2.8) | |
| MetS (>2 components) | 62 (18.4) | 83 (23.5) | 0.069 |
| Previous history of | |||
| Gestational diabetes | 8 (2.4) | 7 (1.9) | |
| Miscarriages | 108 (32.0) | 119 (33.1) | 0.237 |
| Educational status | |||
| Elementary education | 31 (7.6) | 22 (6.1) | |
| Secondary school | 132 (39.2) | 152 (42.2) | |
| University degree | 169 (50.1) | 185 (51.4) | |
| UNK | 5 (1.5) | 1 (0.3) | 0.233 |
| Employment | 254 (75.3) | 285 (79.2) | 0.264 |
| Number of pregnancies | |||
| Primiparous | 135 (40.1) | 166 (46.1) | |
| Second pregnancy | 114 (33.8) | 111 (30.8) | |
| >2 pregnancies | 88 (26.1) | 83 (23.1) | 0.119 |
| Smoker | |||
| Never | 188 (55.8) | 196 (54.4) | |
| Current | 25 (7.4) | 30 (8.3) | 0.953 |
| Gestational age (weeks) at baseline | 12.1±0.5 | 12.0±0.3 | 0.782 |
| Body weight, kg | |||
| Prepregnancy | 60.5±10.9 | 59.1±9.4 | 0.070 |
| At entry | 62.5±11.4 | 61.1+9.5 | 0.073 |
| Weight gain | 2.1±3.1 | 1.9±2.7 | 0.495 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| Prepregnancy | 22.9±3.8 | 22.4±3.3 | 0.097 |
| At baseline | 23.7±3.9 | 23.2±3.4 | 0.103 |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | |||
| Systolic | 105±10 | 106±11 | 0.116 |
| Diastolic | 64±12 | 66±9 | 0.114 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 81±6 | 80±6 | 0.171 |
| HbA1c, %, mmol/mol | 5.2±0.3 (33±3) | 5.0±0.2 (31±2) | 0.989 |
| Cholesterol, mg/DL | 176±33 | 172±26 | 0.112 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 81±38 | 81±43 | 0.982 |
| TSH, µUI/ML | 1.9±1.2 | 2.1±1.5 | 0.128 |
| T4L, ng/DL | 8.6±1.5 | 8.7±1.4 | 0.588 |
| MEDAS Score | 4.83±1.76 | 4.97±1.71 | 0.293 |
| Nutrition Score | 0.54±3.16 | 0.22±3.25 | 0.193 |
| Physical activity Score >0 | 46 (14.6) | 35 (9.7) | 0.142 |
Data are mean ± SD or number (%).
MEDAS Score, 14-point MEDAS. Physical activity score ≥0, (walking daily (>5 days/week) score 0: at least 30 min. Score +1, if >60 min. Score −1, if <30 min. Climbing stairs (floors/day, >5 days a week): Score 0, Between 4 and 16; Score +1, >16; Score −1: <4).
MetS, metabolic syndrome; UNK, unknown; BMI, body mass index; MEDAS, Mediterranean diet adherence screener; HbA1c, haemoglobin.