Table 4.
Maternal pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by groups
| Control group (n = 337) | Intervention group (n = 360) | p value | RR (95% CI) | NNT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal outcomes | |||||
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 11 (3.3) | 13 (3.6) | 0.484 | ||
| Preeclampsia | 4 (1.2) | 7 (1.9) | 0.311 | ||
| Albuminuria | 4 (1.2) | 2 (0.6) | 0.313 | ||
| Urinary tract infection | 40 (11.9) | 17 (4.7) | 0.001 | 0.37 (0.20–0.66) | 14 |
| Delivery | |||||
| Vaginal eutocic | 240 (71.2) | 256 (71.1) | |||
| Instrumental | 48 (14.2) | 52 (14.4) | |||
| Cesarean section | 49 (14.5) | 52 (14.4) | 0.997 | ||
| Emergency-CS | 25 (7.4) | 8 (2.2) | 0.002 | 0.28 (0.13–0.64) | 20 |
| Perineal trauma | 49 (14.5) | 13 (3.6) | 0.001 | 0.22 (0.12–0.41) | 10 |
| Neonatal Outcomes | |||||
| Gestational age at birth, weeks | 39.6±1.3 | 39.7±1.3 | 0.716 | ||
| <37 GW | 11 (3.6) | 4 (1.1) | 0.067 | 0.33 (0.11–1.06) | 40 |
| Birthweight, g | 3,219±465 | 3,269±396 | 0.275 | ||
| Percentile | 46.1±27.1 | 50.3±27.5 | 0.076 | ||
| Length, cm | 49.2±2.0 | 49.3±2.1 | 0.575 | ||
| Percentile | 38.8±27.7 | 40.7±28.9 | 0.440 | ||
| LGA >90 percentile | 11 (3.3) | 3 (0.8) | 0.034 | 0.25 (0.07–0.90) | 40 |
| >4,500, g | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| SGA <10 percentile | 14 (4.2) | 4 (1.1) | 0.018 | 0.26 (0.08–0.80) | 33 |
| pH cord blood | 7.28±0.18 | 7.27±0.08 | 0.524 | ||
| Apgar score at 1min | 8.8±0.7 | 8.9±0.7 | 0.699 | ||
| Apgar score at 5 min | 10±3.7 | 10±3.8 | 0.883 | ||
| Neonatal | |||||
| Hypoglycemia | 4 (1.2) | 3 (0.8) | 0.464 | ||
| Respiratory distress | 3 (1.8) | 3 (0.8) | 0.625 | ||
| Hyperbilurrubinemia | 22 (6.5) | 17 (4.7) | 0.192 | ||
| NICU/observation | 6 (1.8) | 6 (1.7) | 0.908 | ||
| Composite maternofetal outcomes | 87 (25.8) | 32 (8.8) | 0.0001 | 0.47 (0.35–0.64) | 5 |
Composite of maternofoetal outcomes at least one of: emergency C-section, perineal trauma, pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, prematurity, large-for-gestational-age and small-for gestational age.
RR, relative risk; NNT, number-needed-to-treat; LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; NA, not applicable.