Table 1.

Prevalence and Correlates of a Fibromyalgia Diagnosis Among Veterans in FY 2012

	No Fibromyalgia	Fibromyalgia
	N = 2,139,534 (96.52%)	N = 77,087 (3.48%)
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Cohen's D
Demographics	58.83 (15.43)	55.12 (14.11)	0.25*
	N (%)	N (%)	Risk ratio
Age
40–49	256,491 (12)	14,501 (18.8)	1.57*
>85	89,116 (4.2)	1,501 (1.9)	0.47*
Female	164,890 (7.7)	19,620 (25.5)	3.3*
Medical diagnosis: general
Insomnia	125,116 (5.8)	7,045 (9.1)	1.6*
Connective tissue disease	27,735 (1.3)	3,413 (4.4)	3.42*
Pain diagnoses
Headache	214,143 (10)	14,631 (19)	1.9*
Muscle spasm pain	79,689 (3.7)	4,289 (5.6)	1.5*
Herpetic pain	25,976 (1.2)	2,248 (2.9)	2.4*
Psychiatric diagnoses
Bipolar disorder	63,435 (3)	3,827 (5)	1.7*
Major depression	186,601 (8.7)	12,889 (16.7)	1.92*
Other depression (e.g., dysthymia)	475,390 (22.2)	26,896 (34.9)	1.57*
PTSD	370,924 (17.3)	20,103 (26.1)	1.5*
Anxiety disorder	265,110 (12.4)	15,858 (20.6)	1.7*
Personality Disorder	31,294 (1.5)	2,665 (3.5)	2.32*
Service use
Any mental health service use	739,466 (35)	38,922 (50.5)	1.5*
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Cohen's D
Medical surgical visits	10.4 (11.5)	14.32 (13.7)	0.31*
All outpatient visits	14.71 (21.78)	21.53 (27.4)	0.28*
Psychotropic medications
Anxiolytic/sedative/hypnotic prescriptions	1.6 (4.6)	2.87 (6.05)	0.24*
Anticonvulsant/mood stabilizer prescriptions	0.2 (0.4)	0.34 (0.47)	0.32*

^*Cohen's D > 0.2; Risk ratio <0.5 or >1.5.