Fig. 7. Cadmium exposure has moderate effects on T cell differentiation. Splenocytes from the control (Ctrl) or cadmium-exposed rats were activated with plate bound αCD3 and soluble αCD28. Supernatants were collected 48 h and 72 h after stimulation, and protein levels were quantified by multiplex suspension assay for (A) IL-4, (B) IL-5, (C) IL-13, (D) IFNγ, and (F) IL-10 or by ELISA for (E) IL-17a. Data are presented as mean ± SE. * indicates significance compared to the control rat splenocytes (P < 0.05, Student's t-test).