Table II:

Functional connectivity studies – children and adolescents born preterm

Author	Population	Age at scan	Age at birth (preterm)	Method	Summary of findings
Gozzo et al.18	54 preterm 24 term	8y	28.2wks PMA	Seed	•Connectivity from Wernicke's region was increased to the right inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral supramarginal gyri in children born preterm compared with controls born at term
Schafer et al.21	22 preterm 26 term	12y	28.6wks PMA	Seed	•When performing a lexical semantic processing task, children born preterm showed greater connectivity between language and sensory/motor areas, but weaker connectivity within the frontal lobes when compared with controls born at term
Damaraju et al.17	31 preterm 18 term	18mo and 36mo	29.5wks PMA	ICA	•Typical networks develop by 18mo for children born preterm and their spatial locations are not distinguishable between groups born preterm and at term at either age •At 36mo, children born preterm had increased spectral energy in the basal ganglia network, but weaker overall connectivity between networks
Myers et al.22	31 preterm 36 term	16y	27.7wks PMA	Seed	•Adolescents born preterm showed greater connectivity between Wernicke's area and the right supramarginal gyrus compared with adolescents born at term •For adolescent born preterm, strength of connection inversely correlated with language scores and maternal education
Lee et al.20	11 preterm 11 term	Preterm: 10.2y Term: 12.4y	30.9wks PMA	Seed	•Children born preterm with diffuse periventricular white matter injury showed reduced motor connectivity compared with children born at term
Lee et al.10	36 preterm	Preterm: Longitudinal - at birth, term equivalent age, 2y, 4y	28.7wks PMA	Seed	•Functional network development in infants born preterm was qualitatively similar to that found in infants born at term. •Most networks were formed by 4y of age
Scheinost et al.27	20 preterm 23 term	Preterm: 17.8y Term: 16.6y	28.2wks PMA	Voxel-wise	•Lateralization of connectivity in right hemisphere language homologs was decreased in adolescents born preterm compared with adolescents born at term •For adolescents born preterm, lateralization was correlated with language scores
Wilke et al.23	29 preterm 19 term	Preterm: 14.7y Term: 12.8y	28.3wks PMA	Seed and Matrix	•Adolescents born preterm showed stronger connectivity of STL regions with non-STL regions both within the left hemisphere and to the right hemisphere compared with adolescents born at term •Both local and global network strength were greater in adolescents born at term than in individuals born preterm •Lateralization of functional connectivity was inversely correlated with verbal comprehension •abilities
Degnan et al.19	19 preterm 19 term	10y	35wks PMA	Seed	•Hyper-connectivity from medial prefrontal regions to control, salience, and default mode networks was observed in children born preterm compared with children born at term

PMA, postmenstrual age; STL, superior temporal lobe; TEA, term-equivalent age.