A, volume and current traces (arrows indicate when the current traces were recorded during the volume change) from a TRPV4 + AQP4‐expressing oocyte challenged with a hyposmotic gradient or a combination of a hyposmotic gradient and GSK101 (−100 mosmol l–1, 100 nM GSK101, 90 s of application, indicated by a black bar). B, summarized I/V relationships of TRPV4 + AQP4‐expressing oocytes obtained in control solution, in a hyposmolar solution (−100 mosmol l–1), or in a hyposmolar solution containing GSK101 (−100 mosmol l–1 + GSK101) (n = 9). TRPV4‐mediated current activity obtained after exposure to −100 mosmol l–1 + GSK101 was normalized to that obtained after exposure to −100 mosmol l–1 and displayed as an insert in (B). C, representative volume and current traces (arrows indicate when the current traces were recorded during stimulus application) from a TRPV4 + AQP4‐expressing oocyte challenged with GSK101 or a combination of GSK101 and a hyposmotic gradient (100 nM GSK101, −100 mosmol l–1, 90 s of application, indicated by a black bar). D, representative I/V curves from a TRPV4 + AQP4‐expressing oocyte challenged with GSK101 (100 nM) for 90 s at which point a hyposmotic gradient was introduced in addition to GSK101 (100 nM GSK101, −100 mosmol l–1, 90 s of application). TRPV4‐mediated current activity obtained after exposure to GSK101 + −100 mosmol l–1 was normalized to that obtained after exposure to GSK101 alone and displayed as an insert in (D) (n = 9). E, representative I/V curves from a TRPV4 + AQP4‐expressing oocyte challenged with a smaller hyposmotic gradient (−50 mosmol l–1) followed by a subsequent challenge of a combination of the gradient and GSK101 (−50 mosmol l–1, 20 nm GSK101, 90 s of application). TRPV4‐mediated current activity obtained after exposure to −50 mosmol l–1 + GSK101 was normalized to that obtained after exposure to −50 mosmol l–1 alone and displayed as an insert in (E) (n = 9). Statistical analysis of the TRPV4‐mediated activity (at V
m = −85 mV) was carried out with one‐way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison post hoc test or with a Student's paired t‐test (for the normalized response). *
P < 0.05, **
P < 0.01 (n = 9).