Table 2. Summary of main lesions, morbilliviral antigen distribution and PCR-positive tissues (lung, lymph nodes, spleen, central nervous system), and suspected infection chronicity by geographic area and species.
| No | Species | Main histopathologic findings | CeMV antigen distribution a | CeMV PCR/RT-PCR positive tissue(s) | Chronicity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GD (BR) | Generalized lymphoid depletion. Bronchointerstitial pneumonia (overlapped with Halocercus brasiliensis pneumonia). |
Lung, spleen, mesenteric LN, cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord | Lung, spleen, cerebrum† | AS |
| 2 | GD (BR) | Lung, trachea, spleen, mediastinal LN, cerebrum | Lung† | AS | |
| 3 | GD (BR) | Lung, mediastinal LN, spleen | Lung† | SS | |
| 4 | GD (BR) | Lung | Spleen, cerebrum † | AS | |
| 5 | GD (BR) | Lung, spleen | Lung, cerebrum † | AS | |
| 6 | GD (BR) | Lung | Lung, cerebrum † | AS | |
| 7 | GD (BR) | Lung | Lung, cerebrum † | AS | |
| 8 | GD (BR) | Lung, mediastinal LN | Lung† | AS | |
| 9 | GD (BR) | Lung, mediastinal LN, cerebrum | Lung, cerebrum † | AS | |
| 10 | GD (BR) | Lung | Lung† | AS | |
| 11 | GD (BR) | Lung, mediastinal LN, cerebrum, cerebellum | Lung, pulmonary LN, cerebrum† | SS | |
| 12 | SD (CI) | Lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalomyelitis. Multicentric lymphoid depletion with concomitant regenerative phenomena (hyperplasia). Bronchointerstitial pneumonia. |
Lung, cerebrum, brainstem, spinal cord | Lung, cerebrum‡ [20,22] | CS |
| 13 | BD (CI) | Lung, spleen, LNs, cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord | Lung, spleen, cerebrum§ [21] | SS | |
| 14 | SD (CI) | Cerebrum | Lung, cerebrum‡ [20,22] | AS | |
| 15 | SD (CI) | Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord | Cerebrum ‡ [20,22] | AS | |
| 16 | SD (CI) | Cerebrum | Cerebrum ‡ [20,22] | BOFDI | |
| 17 | SD (CI) | Cerebrum | Cerebrum ‡ [20,22] | BOFDI | |
| 18 | SD (CI) | Lung, cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord | Lung, cerebrum ‡ [20,22] | CS | |
| 19 | SD (CI) | Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem | Lung, cerebrum ‡ [20,22] | AS | |
| 20 | SD (IT) | Lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis. Multicentric lymphoid depletion with concomitant regenerative phenomena (hyperplasia). Bronchointerstitial pneumonia. |
Cerebrum | Cerebrum ¶ [23] | BOFDI |
| 21 | SD (IT) | Neg | Spleen ¶ [23] | AS | |
| 22 | SD (IT) | Neg | Lung, cerebrum ± [24] | CS | |
| 23 | BD (IT) | Cerebrum | Lung, cerebrum ± [24] | AS | |
| 24 | SD (IT) | Neg | Lung ¶ [23] | CS | |
| 25 | BD (IT) | Lung, cerebrum | Cerebrum * [19] | SS | |
| 26 | SD (IT) | Lung, cerebrum, spinal cord | Lung, mediastinal LN, cerebrum, spinal cord ‡ [20,22] | AS | |
| 27 | SD (IT) | Neg | Lung, mediastinal LN, cerebrum, spinal cord ‡ [20,22] | SS |
GD, Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis); SD, striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba); BD, bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); BR, Brazil; CI, Canary Islands (Spain); IT, Italy; LN, lymph node; NE, not evaluated; Neg, negative; AS, acute systemic; SS, subacute systemic, CS, chronic systemic; BOFDI, brain only form of DMV infection.
a All Guiana dolphins had detectable morbilliviral antigen in additional tissues, accounting for systemic presentation (a detailed and complete list including cell types is published elsewhere).
† RT-PCR
‡Conventional and/or real time RT-PCR.
§ RT-PCR.
¶ RT-PCR.
± Real Time RT-PCR.
* Nested RT-PCR.