Table 1.

Study characteristics and renal outcomes in major clinical trials of incretin-based and SGLT2 inhibitor drugs

Trial	Agent	Sample size Median time of follow-up Baseline participant characteristics	Renal endpoints	Result	P value
Sustain-6 [41•]	GLP1-R agonist	n = 3297	Incident albuminuria*	2.7 vs. 4.9%	0.001
	Semaglutide	25 months ~ 60% CVD ~25% eGFR < 60	Decline in eGFR*	1.1 vs. 0.8%	ns
LEADER [43•]	GLP1-R agonist	n = 9340	Incident albuminuria*	3.4 vs. 4.6%	0.004
	Liraglutide	46 months ~ 81% CVD ~ 25% eGFR < 60	Decline in eGFR*	1.8 vs. 2.1%	ns
SAVOR-TIMI 53 [44•]	DPP-4 inhibitor	n = 12,360	Increased albuminuria*	13 vs. 16%	0.001
	Saxagliptin	25 months ~ 78% CVD ~ 16% eGFR < 50	Decline in eGFR*	2.2 vs. 2.0%	ns
TECOS [46•]	DPP-4 inhibitor	n = 14,671	Urine albumin/creatinine (mg/g)	11.1 vs. 10.9	0.03
	Sitagliptin	36 months ~ 75% CVD 23% eGFR < 60	Rate of decline in eGFR (ml/min/year)	1.0 vs. 0.7	ns
EMPA-REG OUTCOME [15]	SGLT2 blocker	n = 7020	Incident albuminuria*	11 vs. 16%	<0.001
	Empagliflozin	37 months ~ 80% CVD ~ 26% eGFR <60	Decline in eGFR*	1.5 vs. 2.6%	<0.001
CANVAS [39]	SGLT2 blocker	n = 10,142	Incident albuminuria**	9 vs. 13	<0.001****
	Canagliflozin	47 months ~ 66% CVD ~ 25% eGFR <60***	> 40% decline in eGFR**	0.5 vs. 0.9	<0.001****

CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate

^*> 300 mg albumin/g creatinine or halving of eGFR to < 45 ml/min/1.73 m² during course of trial

^**Events per 100 pt-years

^***Inferred from mean (SD) eGFR assuming normal distribution

^****Computed from 95% confidence intervals