Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Mar 18;12(3):e007071. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.118.007071

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2019 The Authors.

Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 2. — Valproic acid (VPA) treatment attenuates ultrastructural remodeling in CREM-IbΔC-X transgenic (TG) mice atria. Representative electron microscopic images of atrial tissue and quantitative analysis (area proportions in %) of sarcomeres, mitochondria, collagen fibers, lipofuscin granules, and glycogen in the indicated groups during (A) short-term (7th wk) and (B) long-term (16th wk) treatment. With age, myolysis dominated in TG_VEH atrial cardiomyocytes and accumulation of collagen fibers between cells was enhanced. VPA attenuated this ultrastructural disarrangement after short- and long-term treatment in transgenic atria (TG_VPA; n=3–4 animals/group; average of 16–18 pictures/animal; *P<0.05 vs wild-type (WT; all areas); †P<0.05 vs vehicle (VEH; other, collagen, sarcomeres), mitochondria: not significant). CREM-IbΔC-X indicates CREM (cAMP responsive element modulator) isoform IbΔC-X.