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. 2019 Mar 18;12(3):e007071. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.118.007071

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© 2019 The Authors.

Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 5. — Valproic acid (VPA) delays the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) in CREM-IbΔC-X transgenic (TG) mice. A Representative ECG traces of a wild-type (WT) mouse in sinus rhythm (left) and a transgenic mouse showing AF (right). B, AF increased with age in TG_VEH as demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier plots showing the survival of mice with AF. VPA treatment delayed the onset of spontaneous AF in TG_VPA mice. No AF was observed in WT animals (n=19–20 [WT]; 32–36 [transgenic] animals/group). *P<0.05 vs WT_; †P<0.05 vs vehicle (VEH). CREM-IbΔC-X indicates CREM (cAMP responsive element modulator) isoform IbΔC-X.