Table 3.
Longitudinal relations between game hours per week and IGD symptoms at T1 and T2 on GPA, life satisfaction, and social competence 1 year later (N = 538)
| GPA | Life satisfaction | Social competence | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 | T3 | T2 | T3 | T2 | T3 | |||||||
| β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | β | p | |
| Control variables | ||||||||||||
| Gender (1 = boy) | −0.09 | .07 | 0.05 | .28 | 0.07 | .23 | 0.06 | .31 | −0.10 | .06 | −0.09 | .24 |
| Level of education (1 = low) | −0.03 | .29 | 0.02 | .63 | 0.07 | .04 | −0.10 | .29 | −0.01 | .90 | −0.02 | .70 |
| T-1 predictor | 0.65 | .00 | 0.65 | .00 | 0.45 | .00 | 0.62 | .00 | 0.40 | .00 | 0.47 | .00 |
| Main effects | ||||||||||||
| Hours per week | −0.03 | .57 | −0.03 | .59 | −0.01 | .87 | 0.01 | .98 | 0.11 | .04 | 0.13 | .16 |
| IGD symptoms | 0.04 | .52 | 0.04 | .41 | −0.17 | .02 | −0.16 | .08 | −0.22 | .00 | −0.29 | .00 |
Note. Model fit: CFI = 0.88 and RMSEA = 0.07. Bold values are significant at p < .05. IGD: Internet gaming disorder; GPA: grade point average; CFI: comparative fit index; RMSEA: root mean square error of approximation.