Figure 1.

Expression of unigenes involved in shikonin biosynthesis in shikonin-proficient (SP) and shikonin-deficient (SD) cell lines of A. euchroma. Data are from comparative transcriptome analyses of the SP and SD lines. The up-regulated genes in the SP cell line compared with the SD cell line are underlined and marked in red, and genes that are down-regulated or not significantly different are marked in green. Uncharacterized steps are shown with dotted arrows. ? indicates that one step is unknown, and ?* indicates that several steps are unknown. MVA, Mevalonate; MEP, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate; HMGS, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase; HMGR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; MVAK, mevalonate 5-phosphokinase; PMVK, 5-phosphomevalonate phosphokinase; MVDD, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase; DXPS, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase; DXR, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase; MCT, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; CDPMEK, 4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2-phosphokinase; MECDPS, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; HDS, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl-diphosphate synthase; HDR, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase; IPPI, isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; GDPS, geranyl-diphosphate synthase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase; PGT, 4-hydroxybenzoate-3-geranyltransferase; GHQH, geranylhydroquinone 3′′-hydroxylase.