Dreiser 1989.

Methods	R, DB, PC, parallel groups Gel applied twice daily to affected area with light massage, then covered with standard compress Assessed at baseline, 3, 7 days
Participants	Uncomplicated, recent ankle sprain N = 60 M 36, F 24 Mean age 33 years Mean baseline pain 54 mm
Interventions	Ketoprofen gel 2.5%, 2 x 5 cm daily, n = 30 Placebo gel, n = 30 No concomitant therapy other than simple oral analgesia allowed
Outcomes	PGE: 3‐point scale (responder = "better") Improvement in pain: VAS (mean data) Adverse events Withdrawals
Notes	Oxford Quality Score: R2, DB2, W1. Total = 5/5
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"drawing lots"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Treatments "identical in every way except that placebo did not contain active principle"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All participants included in analysis
Size	High risk	< 50 participant per treatment arm