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. 2015 Jun 15;2015(6):CD007402. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007402.pub3

Gallacchi 1990.

Methods R, DB, AC, parallel groups
Gel applied to affected area 4 times daily, with light massage, for 14 days
Assessment at baseline, 7, 14 days
Participants Painful inflammatory conditions
N = 50
M 20, F 30
Mean age 50 years
Baseline pain ≥ moderate severity
Interventions Diclofenac gel 1%, 2 g 4 x daily, n = 25 (Flector)
Diclofenac sodium 1%, 2 g 4 x daily, n = 25 (Voltaren Emugel)
No other medication that could interfere with test drugs allowed
Outcomes PGE: 5‐point scale (responder = "good" or "excellent")
Improvement in pain on pressure: 4‐point scale (mean data)
Adverse events
Withdrawals
Notes Oxford Quality Score: R1, DB1, W1. Total = 3/5
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Not described
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Low risk All participants included in analysis
Size High risk < 50 participants per treatment arm