Hosie 1993.

Methods	R, DB, AC, parallel groups Foam (approximately the size of a golf ball) applied, and 1 tablet taken, 3 times daily for 7 days and up to 14 days Assessed at baseline, 7, 14 (if necessary) days
Participants	Acute lower back injury (< 1 month) N = 287 (261 analysed for efficacy) M 151, F 136 Mean age 37 years (range 18 to 63) Most participants had moderate to severe pain on movement, one had none Exclusions: 25 lost to follow up, one assessed at 14 days, but not 7 days
Interventions	Felbinac foam 3%, 3 x 2 g daily + placebo tablets, 3 x 1 daily, n = 140 (127 analysed for efficacy) Ibuprofen tablets, 3 x 400 mg daily + placebo foam, 3 x 2 g daily, n = 147 (134 analysed for efficacy, but one had no pain at baseline) No other oral, injectable, or topical analgesic or anti‐inflammatory medication. Ongoing physiotherapy to continue without change
Outcomes	Pain on movement: 5‐point scale (responder = "none" or "mild") Spontaneous pain: 5‐point scale (responder = "none" or "mild") Adverse events Withdrawals
Notes	Oxford Quality Score: R1, DB2, W1. Total = 4/5
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	"double dummy"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Imputation method not mentioned
Size	Unclear risk	50 to 200 participants per treatment arm